{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:12:38Z","timestamp":1770815558204,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]],"date-time":"2008-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1221177600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,11]],"date-time":"2008-09-11T21:56:19Z","timestamp":1221170179000},"page":"e1000149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Antibodies against a Surface Protein of Streptococcus pyogenes Promote a Pathological Inflammatory Response"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Kahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"M\u00f6rgelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oonagh","family":"Shannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Norrby-Teglund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heiko","family":"Herwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders I.","family":"Olin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Bj\u00f6rck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.3.470-511.2000","article-title":"Pathogenesis of group A streptococcal infections.","volume":"13","author":"MW Cunningham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.51.1.271","article-title":"Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome associated with necrotizing fasciitis.","volume":"51","author":"DL Stevens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X","article-title":"The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases.","volume":"5","author":"JR Carapetis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-199606000-00012","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal infection.","volume":"9","author":"N Curtis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-199804000-00005","article-title":"Skin and soft tissue infection: necrotizing fasciitis.","volume":"11","author":"DE Low","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-003-0017-7","article-title":"Group A Streptococcal Sepsis.","volume":"5","author":"DL Stevens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200011)30:11<3247::AID-IMMU3247>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Host variation in cytokine responses to superantigens determine the severity of invasive group A streptococcal infection.","volume":"30","author":"A Norrby-Teglund","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1202-800","article-title":"An immunogenetic and molecular basis for differences in outcomes of invasive group A streptococcal infections.","volume":"8","author":"M Kotb","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1101245","article-title":"Plasminogen is a critical host pathogenicity factor for group A streptococcal infection.","volume":"305","author":"H Sun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1086\/432729","article-title":"Vascular dysfunction and ischemic destruction of tissue in Streptococcus pyogenes infection: the role of streptolysin O-induced platelet\/neutrophil complexes.","volume":"192","author":"AE Bryant","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00057-1","article-title":"M protein, a classical bacterial virulence determinant, forms complexes with fibrinogen that induce vascular leakage.","volume":"116","author":"H Herwald","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.2.3.285","article-title":"Streptococcal M protein: molecular design and biological behavior.","volume":"2","author":"VA Fischetti","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1001-1123","article-title":"Heparin-binding protein (HBP\/CAP37): a missing link in neutrophil-evoked alteration of vascular permeability.","volume":"7","author":"N Gautam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.121.5.849","article-title":"Fibrinogen Precipitation by Streptococcal M Protein. I. Identity of the Reactants, and Stoichiometry of the Reaction.","volume":"121","author":"FS Kantor","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.8.2397-2404.1989","article-title":"Ultrastructural localization of the fibrinogen-binding domain of streptococcal M protein.","volume":"57","author":"M Ryc","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1154470","article-title":"Coiled-coil irregularities and instabilities in group A Streptococcus M1 are required for virulence.","volume":"319","author":"C McNamara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1201-1298","article-title":"Evasion of human innate and acquired immunity by a bacterial homolog of CD11b that inhibits opsonophagocytosis.","volume":"7","author":"B Lei","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/21.7.1607","article-title":"IdeS, a novel streptococcal cysteine proteinase with unique specificity for immunoglobulin G.","volume":"21","author":"U von Pawel-Rammingen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7187","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.11.7187-7189.2001","article-title":"Effect of SpeB and EndoS from Streptococcus pyogenes on human immunoglobulins.","volume":"69","author":"M Collin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6646","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.12.6646-6651.2002","article-title":"EndoS and SpeB from Streptococcus pyogenes inhibit immunoglobulin-mediated opsonophagocytosis.","volume":"70","author":"M Collin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3000877","article-title":"M1 protein and protein H: IgGFc- and albumin-binding streptococcal surface proteins encoded by adjacent genes.","volume":"300 (Pt 3)","author":"P \u00c5kesson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.89.3.307","article-title":"Current knowledge of type-specific M antigens of group A streptococci.","volume":"89","author":"RC Lancefield","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1086\/324621","article-title":"Extension of the Lancefield classification for group A streptococci by addition of 22 new M protein gene sequence types from clinical isolates: emm103 to emm124.","volume":"34","author":"RF Facklam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80252-5","article-title":"A secreted receptor related to M1 protein of Streptococcus pyogenes binds to fibrinogen, IgG, and albumin.","volume":"273","author":"KH Schmidt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.11.010","article-title":"Fcgamma receptors: old friends and new family members.","volume":"24","author":"F Nimmerjahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2206","article-title":"Fcgamma receptors as regulators of immune responses.","volume":"8","author":"F Nimmerjahn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2005.12.001","article-title":"Human Fc receptors: critical targets in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejections.","volume":"67","author":"E Ivan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05841.x","article-title":"Severe streptococcal infection is associated with M protein-induced platelet activation and thrombus formation.","volume":"65","author":"O Shannon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.4.1194","article-title":"Protein L. A novel bacterial cell wall protein with affinity for Ig L chains.","volume":"140","author":"L Bj\u00f6rck","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02766.x","article-title":"Proteolysis and its regulation at the surface of Streptococcus pyogenes.","volume":"43","author":"M Rasmussen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198707163170305","article-title":"Clinical and bacteriologic observations of a toxic shock-like syndrome due to Streptococcus pyogenes.","volume":"317","author":"LA Cone","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198907063210101","article-title":"Severe group A streptococcal infections associated with a toxic shock-like syndrome and scarlet fever toxin A.","volume":"321","author":"DL Stevens","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00062752-200301000-00005","article-title":"Neutrophil transendothelial migration and alteration in vascular permeability: focus on neutrophil-derived azurocidin.","volume":"10","author":"HA Edens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2002.00387.x","article-title":"Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.","volume":"8","author":"DL Stevens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.10.6.1241-1249.1974","article-title":"Intracellular and extracellular degranulation of human polymorphonuclear azurophil and specific granules induced by immune complexes.","volume":"10","author":"MS Leffell","year":"1974","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1995.tb03142.x","article-title":"A systematic study of neutrophil degranulation and respiratory burst in vitro by defined immune complexes.","volume":"101","author":"W Zhang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.1.13","article-title":"Insoluble and soluble immune complexes activate neutrophils by distinct activation mechanisms: changes in functional responses induced by priming with cytokines.","volume":"61","author":"G Fossati","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.69.993","article-title":"Costimulatory effects of complement receptor type 3 and Fc receptor for IgG (FcgammaR) on superoxide production and signal transduction in bovine neutrophils.","volume":"69","author":"H Nagahata","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.405","article-title":"Antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection: molecular mechanisms and in vivo implications.","volume":"13","author":"A Takada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.9.4.641-644.1974","article-title":"Enhancement activity of homologous anti-staphylococcal sera in experimental staphylococcal synovitis of chicks: a possible role of immune adherence antibodies.","volume":"9","author":"A Forget","year":"1974","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.1.31","article-title":"Aspects of pathogenesis of serious group A streptococcal infections in Sweden, 1988\u20131989.","volume":"166","author":"SE Holm","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1086\/515199","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome\u2013a comparative observational study. The Canadian Streptococcal Study Group.","volume":"28","author":"R Kaul","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1086\/376630","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: a European randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"37","author":"J Darenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl173","article-title":"Human intravenous immunoglobulin for experimental streptococcal toxic shock: bacterial clearance and modulation of inflammation.","volume":"58","author":"S Sriskandan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000216189.80613.BB","article-title":"Immunoglobulin treatment in sepsis\u2013is the answer \u201cno\u201d?","volume":"34","author":"K Werdan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.5.2279-2283.1998","article-title":"Opsonic antibodies to the surface M protein of group A streptococci in pooled normal immunoglobulins (IVIG): potential impact on the clinical efficacy of IVIG therapy for severe invasive group A streptococcal infections.","volume":"66","author":"H Basma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1385\/IR:35:3:233","article-title":"Advances in potential M-protein peptide-based vaccines for preventing rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.","volume":"35","author":"MR Batzloff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-73960-1_5","article-title":"Current status of group A streptococcal vaccine development.","volume":"609","author":"JB Dale","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01326","article-title":"The immunopathogenesis of sepsis.","volume":"420","author":"J Cohen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200424850","article-title":"Critical role for complement receptor 3 (CD11b\/CD18), but not for Fc receptors, in killing of Streptococcus pyogenes by neutrophils in human immune serum.","volume":"35","author":"M Nilsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4894","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.9.4894","article-title":"Role of the hypervariable region in streptococcal M proteins: binding of a human complement inhibitor.","volume":"161","author":"E Johnsson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01942.x","article-title":"Generation of a mature streptococcal cysteine proteinase is dependent on cell wall-anchored M1 protein.","volume":"36","author":"M Collin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.5.1785","article-title":"Secretion of heparin-binding protein from human neutrophils is determined by its localization in azurophilic granules and secretory vesicles.","volume":"99","author":"H Tapper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830171011","article-title":"The human mononuclear phagocyte high-affinity Fc receptor, FcRI, defined by a monoclonal antibody, 10.1.","volume":"17","author":"GJ Dougherty","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1997.00140.x","article-title":"Human dendritic cells handling of binding, uptake and degradation of free and IgG-immune complexed dinitrophenylated human serum albumin in vitro.","volume":"90","author":"M Larsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.4.1576","article-title":"The binding epitopes of human CD16 (Fc gamma RIII) monoclonal antibodies. Implications for ligand binding.","volume":"157","author":"A Tamm","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","article-title":"Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.","volume":"227","author":"UK Laemmli","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(87)45003-9","article-title":"Electron microscopy and other physical methods for the characterization of extracellular matrix components: laminin, fibronectin, collagen IV, collagen VI, and proteoglycans.","volume":"145","author":"J Engel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030053","article-title":"Viable group A streptococci in macrophages during acute soft tissue infection.","volume":"3","author":"P Thulin","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"}],"container-title":["PLoS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000149","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T22:45:39Z","timestamp":1684536339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000149"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Wessels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000149","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]]}}}