{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:09:43Z","timestamp":1792739383576,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]],"date-time":"2009-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1232668800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,22]],"date-time":"2009-01-22T22:59:37Z","timestamp":1232665177000},"page":"e1000271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["The IpaC Carboxyterminal Effector Domain Mediates Src-Dependent Actin Polymerization during Shigella Invasion of Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00eblle","family":"Mounier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel R.","family":"Popoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jost","family":"Enninga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret C.","family":"Frame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe J.","family":"Sansonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy Tran","family":"Van Nhieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090124","article-title":"Bacterial invasion: the paradigms of enteroinvasive pathogens.","volume":"304","author":"P Cossart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1526","article-title":"The type III secretion injectisome.","volume":"4","author":"GR Cornelis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.143.4.1003","article-title":"Interferon alpha inhibits a Src-mediated pathway necessary for <italic>Shigella<\/italic>-induced cytoskeletal rearrangements in epithelial cells.","volume":"143","author":"G Dumenil","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.1.71","article-title":"Src tyrosine kinase activity down-regulates Rho-dependent responses during <italic>Shigella<\/italic> entry into epithelial cells and stress fibre formation.","volume":"113(Pt 1)","author":"G Dumenil","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5471","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg512","article-title":"Abl tyrosine kinases are required for infection by <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic>.","volume":"22","author":"EA Burton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07244.x","article-title":"Invasion of epithelial cells by <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic> induces tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin by a pp60c-src-mediated signaling pathway.","volume":"14","author":"C Dehio","year":"1995","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200105061","article-title":"Abp1p and cortactin, new \u201chand-holds\u201d for actin.","volume":"154","author":"IM Olazabal","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200402073","article-title":"Cortactin and Crk cooperate to trigger actin polymerization during <italic>Shigella<\/italic> invasion of epithelial cells.","volume":"166","author":"L Bougneres","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2006.08.011","article-title":"Integrin-regulated FAK-Src signaling in normal and cancer cells.","volume":"18","author":"SK Mitra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"re5","DOI":"10.1126\/stke.3352006re5","article-title":"Signaling during pathogen infection.","volume":"2006","author":"S Munter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci STKE"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05272","article-title":"Protein delivery into eukaryotic cells by type III secretion machines.","volume":"444","author":"JE Galan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.147.3.683","article-title":"The tripartite type III secreton of <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic> inserts IpaB and IpaC into host membranes.","volume":"147","author":"A Blocker","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5769","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.2000.01649.x","article-title":"Characterization of the interaction of IpaB and IpaD, proteins required for entry of <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic> into epithelial cells, with a lipid membrane.","volume":"267","author":"C De Geyter","year":"2000","journal-title":"European of Journal Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(03)00005-5","article-title":"Tails of two Tirs: actin pedestal formation by enteropathogenic <italic>E. coli<\/italic> and enterohemorrhagic <italic>E. coli<\/italic> O157\u2236H7.","volume":"6","author":"KG Campellone","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00613.x","article-title":"Abl collaborates with Src family kinases to stimulate actin-based motility of vaccinia virus.","volume":"8","author":"TP Newsome","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02179.x","article-title":"The virulence plasmid pWR100 and the repertoire of proteins secreted by the type III secretion apparatus of <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic>.","volume":"38","author":"C Buchrieser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27639-0","article-title":"Analysis of virulence plasmid gene expression defines three classes of effectors in the type III secretion system of <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic>.","volume":"151","author":"T Le Gall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5853","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.21.5853","article-title":"Binding of the <italic>Shigella<\/italic> protein IpaA to vinculin induces F-actin depolymerization.","volume":"18","author":"R Bourdet-Sicard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5069","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf522","article-title":"Conversion of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) into PtdIns(5)P by the <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic> effector IpgD reorganizes host cell morphology.","volume":"21","author":"K Niebuhr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601001","article-title":"PtdIns5P activates the host cell PI3-kinase\/Akt pathway during <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic> infection.","volume":"25","author":"C Pendaries","year":"2006","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24022","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M502509200","article-title":"IpgB1 is a novel <italic>Shigella<\/italic> effector protein involved in bacterial invasion of host cells. Its activity to promote membrane ruffling via Rac1 and Cdc42 activation.","volume":"280","author":"K Ohya","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1526","article-title":"<italic>Shigella<\/italic> IpgB1 promotes bacterial entry through the ELMO-Dock180 machinery.","volume":"9","author":"Y Handa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.10.031","article-title":"Identification of a bacterial type III effector family with G protein mimicry functions.","volume":"124","author":"NM Alto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3249","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.12.3249","article-title":"IpaC induces actin polymerization and filopodia formation during <italic>Shigella<\/italic> entry into epithelial cells.","volume":"18","author":"G Tran Van Nhieu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3710","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.6.3710-3715.2000","article-title":"Interaction of <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic> IpaC with model membranes correlates with effects on cultured cells.","volume":"68","author":"N Tran","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2792","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M208383200","article-title":"Structure-function analysis of invasion plasmid antigen C (IpaC) from <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic>.","volume":"278","author":"LA Kueltzo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2004.09.019","article-title":"RhoB and actin polymerization coordinate Src activation with endosome-mediated delivery to the membrane.","volume":"7","author":"E Sandilands","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.55.11.2681-2688.1987","article-title":"Entry of <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic> into HeLa cells: evidence for directed phagocytosis involving actin polymerization and myosin accumulation.","volume":"55","author":"PJ Clerc PaS","year":"1987","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.5.1599-1605.1997","article-title":"Functional analysis of the <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic> IpaC invasin by insertional mutagenesis.","volume":"65","author":"S Barzu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02210.x","article-title":"Identification of functional regions within invasion plasmid antigen C (IpaC) of <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic>.","volume":"39","author":"WL Picking","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01770.x","article-title":"The development of a FACS-based strategy for the isolation of <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic> mutants that are deficient in intercellular spread.","volume":"35","author":"M Rathman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43659","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207828200","article-title":"<italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/italic> iota toxin. Mapping of the Ia domain involved in docking with Ib and cellular internalization.","volume":"277","author":"JC Marvaud","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.02.041","article-title":"Differential requirement for the translocation of clostridial binary toxins: iota toxin requires a membrane potential gradient.","volume":"581","author":"M Gibert","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03469","article-title":"Visualizing the mechanical activation of Src.","volume":"434","author":"Y Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2004.04.010","article-title":"Cell adhesion receptors, tyrosine kinases and actin modulators: a complex three-way circuitry.","volume":"1692","author":"VGM Brunton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochimica and Biophysica Acta"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00849-3","article-title":"Temporal regulation of <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> virulence effector function by proteasome-dependent protein degradation.","volume":"115","author":"T Kubori","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5373","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.19.5373","article-title":"A bacterial type III secretion system inhibits actin polymerization to prevent pore formation in host cell membranes.","volume":"20","author":"GI Viboud","year":"2001","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0040003","article-title":"<italic>Yersinia<\/italic> Controls Type III Effector Delivery into Host Cells by Modulating Rho Activity.","volume":"4","author":"E Mejia","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601976","article-title":"Cytoplasmic targeting of IpaC to the bacterial pole directs polar type III secretion in <italic>Shigella<\/italic>.","volume":"27","author":"V Jaumouille","year":"2008","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15542","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)49569-0","article-title":"Fusions of anthrax toxin lethal factor to the ADP-ribosylation domain of <italic>Pseudomonas<\/italic> exotoxin A are potent cytotoxins which are translocated to the cytosol of mammalian cells.","volume":"267","author":"N Arora","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8437","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.16.8437","article-title":"Fused polycationic peptide mediates delivery of diphtheria toxin A chain to the cytosol in the presence of anthrax protective antigen.","volume":"93","author":"SR Blanke","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.75.103004.142728","article-title":"Anthrax toxin: receptor binding, internalization, pore formation, and translocation.","volume":"76","author":"JA Young","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2006.09.002","article-title":"Structure and action of the binary C2 toxin from <italic>Clostridium botulinum<\/italic>.","volume":"364","author":"C Schleberger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200312072","article-title":"Membrane insertion of anthrax protective antigen and cytoplasmic delivery of lethal factor occur at different stages of the endocytic pathway.","volume":"166","author":"L Abrami","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12548","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503407102","article-title":"Real-time imaging of type III secretion: <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> SipA injection into host cells.","volume":"102","author":"MC Schlumberger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth804","article-title":"Secretion of type III effectors into host cells in real time.","volume":"2","author":"J Enninga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5620","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203923","article-title":"Selected glimpses into the activation and function of Src kinase.","volume":"19","author":"JD Bjorge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1999.4732","article-title":"Src family tyrosine kinases and growth factor signaling.","volume":"254","author":"CL Abram","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5606","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203877","article-title":"Focal adhesion kinase: a regulator of focal adhesion dynamics and cell movement.","volume":"19","author":"JT Parsons","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.2.774-782.1997","article-title":"Secretion of <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic> Ipa invasins on contact with epithelial cells and subsequent entry of the bacterium into cells are growth stage dependent.","volume":"65","author":"J Mounier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5899","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.18.5899-5906.1993","article-title":"Nonpolar mutagenesis of the <italic>ipa<\/italic> genes defines IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD as effectors of Shigella flexneri entry into epithelial cells.","volume":"175","author":"R Menard","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01627.x","article-title":"A system for identifying post-invasion functions of invasion genes: requirements for the Mxi-Spa type III secretion pathway of <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic> in intercellular dissemination.","volume":"34","author":"R Schuch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200605091","article-title":"<italic>Shigella<\/italic> applies molecular mimicry to subvert vinculin and invade host cells.","volume":"175","author":"T Izard","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.01.057","article-title":"Capping of actin filaments by vinculin activated by the <italic>Shigella<\/italic> IpaA carboxyl-terminal domain.","volume":"581","author":"N Ramarao","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"}],"container-title":["PLoS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000271","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]],"date-time":"2024-03-09T11:44:51Z","timestamp":1709984691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000271"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"B. Brett","family":"Finlay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000271","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]]}}}