{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:14:45Z","timestamp":1792250085793,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,22]],"date-time":"2010-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1279756800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,22]],"date-time":"2010-07-22T16:15:20Z","timestamp":1279815320000},"page":"e1001005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":793,"title":["Quasispecies Theory and the Behavior of RNA Viruses"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Adam S.","family":"Lauring","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Andino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0404.980402","article-title":"Quasispecies structure and persistence of RNA viruses.","volume":"4","author":"E Domingo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Viruses as quasispecies: biological implications.","volume":"299","author":"E Domingo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2323","article-title":"Rates of evolutionary change in viruses: patterns and determinants.","volume":"9","author":"S Duffy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra052211","article-title":"Avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in humans.","volume":"353","author":"JH Beigel","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0903810","article-title":"Emergence of a novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans.","volume":"360","author":"FS Dawood","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1246","article-title":"The causes and consequences of HIV evolution.","volume":"5","author":"A Rambaut","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"2 v. (xix, 3091, I-3086 p.)","article-title":"Fields&apos; virology","author":"BN Fields","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S110","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1142","article-title":"Exotic emerging viral diseases: progress and challenges.","volume":"10","author":"TW Geisbert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00485-7","article-title":"Mutation rate and the efficacy of antimicrobial drug treatment.","volume":"3","author":"PJ Gerrish","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7041255","article-title":"Rapid evolution of RNA genomes.","volume":"215","author":"J Holland","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00623322","article-title":"Selforganization of matter and the evolution of biological macromolecules.","volume":"58","author":"M Eigen","year":"1971","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"What is a quasispecies?","volume":"299","author":"CK Biebricher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0793-42","article-title":"Viral quasispecies.","volume":"269","author":"M Eigen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(78)90223-4","article-title":"Nucleotide sequence heterogeneity of an RNA phage population.","volume":"13","author":"E Domingo","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(76)90004-4","article-title":"The proportion of revertant and mutant phage in a growing population, as a function of mutation and growth rate.","volume":"1","author":"E Batschelet","year":"1976","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.41.100187.002205","article-title":"Rapid evolution of RNA viruses.","volume":"41","author":"DA Steinhauer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2004.11.007","article-title":"Ribavirin and lethal mutagenesis of poliovirus: molecular mechanisms, resistance and biological implications.","volume":"107","author":"M Vignuzzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-5-44","article-title":"Quasispecies theory in the context of population genetics.","volume":"5","author":"CO Wilke","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2603","article-title":"Fitness and its role in evolutionary genetics.","volume":"10","author":"HA Orr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"83","article-title":"Virus fitness: concept, quantification, and application to HIV population dynamics.","volume":"299","author":"ME Quinones-Mateu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.51.1.151","article-title":"RNA virus mutations and fitness for survival.","volume":"51","author":"E Domingo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6278","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.64.12.6278-6281.1990","article-title":"RNA virus quasispecies populations can suppress vastly superior mutant progeny.","volume":"64","author":"JC de la Torre","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1115030","article-title":"Long-term transmission of defective RNA viruses in humans and Aedes mosquitoes.","volume":"311","author":"J Aaskov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/35085569","article-title":"Evolution of digital organisms at high mutation rates leads to survival of the flattest.","volume":"412","author":"CO Wilke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/35020564","article-title":"Evolvability of an RNA virus is determined by its mutational neighbourhood.","volume":"406","author":"CL Burch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e136","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020136","article-title":"The fittest versus the flattest: experimental confirmation of the quasispecies effect with subviral pathogens.","volume":"2","author":"FM Codo\u00f1er","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030093","article-title":"Selection for Robustness in Mutagenized RNA Viruses.","volume":"3","author":"R Sanjuan","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7315","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.16.7315-7320.2001","article-title":"Contingent neutrality in competing viral populations.","volume":"75","author":"J Quer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08694","article-title":"Mutational robustness can facilitate adaptation.","volume":"463","author":"JA Draghi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000185989.16477.91","article-title":"Replicative fitness of historical and recent HIV-1 isolates suggests HIV-1 attenuation over time.","volume":"19","author":"KK Ari\u00ebn","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.03.004","article-title":"Antiviral drug resistance.","volume":"71","author":"DD Richman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1594-c1","article-title":"HIV-1 over time: fitness loss or robustness gain?","volume":"5","author":"M Rolland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1132745","article-title":"Epochal evolution shapes the phylodynamics of interpandemic influenza A (H3N2) in humans.","volume":"314","author":"K Koelle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059128","article-title":"Selection forces and constraints on retroviral sequence variation.","volume":"292","author":"J Overbaugh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8396","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400146101","article-title":"The distribution of fitness effects caused by single-nucleotide substitutions in an RNA virus.","volume":"101","author":"R Sanju\u00e1n","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11555","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.18.11555-11558.2005","article-title":"Adaptive value of high mutation rates of RNA viruses: separating causes from consequences.","volume":"79","author":"SF Elena","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2003.10.006","article-title":"Error thresholds and the constraints to RNA virus evolution.","volume":"11","author":"EC Holmes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2004.11.002","article-title":"The error threshold.","volume":"107","author":"CK Biebricher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13374","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.212514799","article-title":"Error catastrophe and antiviral strategy.","volume":"99","author":"M Eigen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3960","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.64.8.3960-3962.1990","article-title":"Mutation frequencies at defined single codon sites in vesicular stomatitis virus and poliovirus can be increased only slightly by chemical mutagenesis.","volume":"64","author":"JJ Holland","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3636","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.71.5.3636-3640.1997","article-title":"Negative effects of chemical mutagenesis on the adaptive behavior of vesicular stomatitis virus.","volume":"71","author":"CH Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6895","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.111085598","article-title":"RNA virus error catastrophe: direct molecular test by using ribavirin.","volume":"98","author":"S Crotty","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1038\/82191","article-title":"The broad-spectrum antiviral ribonucleoside ribavirin is an RNA virus mutagen.","volume":"6","author":"S Crotty","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"149","article-title":"Foot-and-mouth disease virus evolution: exploring pathways towards virus extinction.","volume":"288","author":"E Domingo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10451","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.16.10451-10459.2005","article-title":"Mutagenesis-induced, large fitness variations with an invariant arenavirus consensus genomic nucleotide sequence.","volume":"79","author":"A Grande-Perez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4448","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408871102","article-title":"Suppression of viral infectivity through lethal defection.","volume":"102","author":"A Grande-Perez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12938","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182426999","article-title":"Molecular indetermination in the transition to error catastrophe: systematic elimination of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus through mutagenesis does not correlate linearly with large increases in mutant spectrum complexity.","volume":"99","author":"A Grande-Perez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8316","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.18.8316-8323.2000","article-title":"Response of foot-and-mouth disease virus to increased mutagenesis: influence of viral load and fitness in loss of infectivity.","volume":"74","author":"S Sierra","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0185","article-title":"APOBEC proteins and intrinsic resistance to HIV-1 infection.","volume":"364","author":"MH Malim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond, B, Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00939","article-title":"Isolation of a human gene that inhibits HIV-1 infection and is suppressed by the viral Vif protein.","volume":"418","author":"AM Sheehy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00423-9","article-title":"DNA deamination mediates innate immunity to retroviral infection.","volume":"113","author":"RS Harris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01709","article-title":"Broad antiretroviral defence by human APOBEC3G through lethal editing of nascent reverse transcripts.","volume":"424","author":"B Mangeat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01707","article-title":"The cytidine deaminase CEM15 induces hypermutation in newly synthesized HIV-1 DNA.","volume":"424","author":"H Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3092","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.8.3092","article-title":"G\u2192A hypermutation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genome: evidence for dCTP pool imbalance during reverse transcription.","volume":"91","author":"JP Vartanian","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.3.1975-1980.2005","article-title":"G\u2192A hypermutation in protease and reverse transcriptase regions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 residing in resting CD4+ T cells in vivo.","volume":"79","author":"TL Kieffer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7973","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.17.7973-7986.2001","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA sequences genetically damaged by hypermutation are often abundant in patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells and may be generated during near-simultaneous infection and activation of CD4(+) T cells.","volume":"75","author":"M Janini","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2007.01.004","article-title":"APOBEC-mediated viral restriction: not simply editing?","volume":"32","author":"RK Holmes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.58.030603.123649","article-title":"Viral error catastrophe by mutagenic nucleosides.","volume":"58","author":"JP Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.1.481-488.2003","article-title":"Ribavirin causes error catastrophe during Hantaan virus replication.","volume":"77","author":"WE Severson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2008.01896.x","article-title":"Ribavirin mode of action in chronic hepatitis C: from clinical use back to molecular mechanisms.","volume":"28","author":"WP Hofmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(02)00046-6","article-title":"Lethal mutagenesis of the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV).","volume":"308","author":"CM Ruiz-Jarabo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"20","article-title":"Lassa fever. Effective therapy with ribavirin.","volume":"314","author":"JB McCormick","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.4.1492","article-title":"Lethal mutagenesis of HIV with mutagenic nucleoside analogs.","volume":"96","author":"LA Loeb","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/088922200309539","article-title":"Lethal mutagenesis of HIV by mutagenic ribonucleoside analogs.","volume":"16","author":"LA Loeb","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2005.03.004","article-title":"KP-1212\/1461, a nucleoside designed for the treatment of HIV by viral mutagenesis.","volume":"67","author":"KS Harris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.7.3319-3324.2004","article-title":"Preextinction viral RNA can interfere with infectivity.","volume":"78","author":"C Gonzalez-Lopez","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"Evolution at a High Imposed Mutation Rate: Adaptation Obscures the Load in Phage T7.","author":"R Springman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282f5e07a","article-title":"Sequence editing by Apolipoprotein B RNA-editing catalytic component [corrected] and epidemiological surveillance of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance.","volume":"22","author":"RJ Gifford","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-5-26","article-title":"Turning up the volume on mutational pressure: is more of a good thing always better? (A case study of HIV-1 Vif and APOBEC3).","volume":"5","author":"SK Pillai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5501","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0710190105","article-title":"Cytidine deamination induced HIV-1 drug resistance.","volume":"105","author":"LCF Mulder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2004.11.008","article-title":"Action of mutagenic agents and antiviral inhibitors on foot-and-mouth disease virus.","volume":"107","author":"N Pariente","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7131","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.12.7131-7138.2003","article-title":"Mutagenesis versus inhibition in the efficiency of extinction of foot-and-mouth disease virus.","volume":"77","author":"N Pariente","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25706","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M503444200","article-title":"Remote site control of an active site fidelity checkpoint in a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.","volume":"280","author":"JJ Arnold","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7289","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1232294100","article-title":"A single mutation in poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase confers resistance to mutagenic nucleotide analogs via increased fidelity.","volume":"100","author":"JK Pfeiffer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0010011","article-title":"Increased fidelity reduces poliovirus fitness and virulence under selective pressure in mice.","volume":"1","author":"JK Pfeiffer","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04388","article-title":"Quasispecies diversity determines pathogenesis through cooperative interactions in a viral population.","volume":"439","author":"M Vignuzzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1726","article-title":"Engineering attenuated virus vaccines by controlling replication fidelity.","volume":"14","author":"M Vignuzzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.09.015","article-title":"One hundred years of poliovirus pathogenesis.","volume":"344","author":"VR Racaniello","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90168-E","article-title":"Transgenic mice expressing a human poliovirus receptor: a new model for poliomyelitis.","volume":"63","author":"RB Ren","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282fc972e","article-title":"Massively parallel pyrosequencing in HIV research.","volume":"22","author":"FD Bushman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000074","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000074","article-title":"Viral population estimation using pyrosequencing.","volume":"4","author":"N Eriksson","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1086\/597808","article-title":"Ultra-deep pyrosequencing of hepatitis B virus quasispecies from nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-treated patients and NRTI-naive patients.","volume":"199","author":"S Margeridon-Thermet","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1984","article-title":"Signature-tagged mutagenesis: barcoding mutants for genome-wide screens.","volume":"7","author":"P Mazurkiewicz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"}],"container-title":["PLoS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]],"date-time":"2020-06-07T06:56:26Z","timestamp":1591512986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001005"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marianne","family":"Manchester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,22]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,22]]}}}