{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:11:34Z","timestamp":1791342694312,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,19]],"date-time":"2010-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1282176000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,19]],"date-time":"2010-08-19T21:44:01Z","timestamp":1282254241000},"page":"e1001058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Immune Modulation with Sulfasalazine Attenuates Immunopathogenesis but Enhances Macrophage-Mediated Fungal Clearance during Pneumocystis Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Gigliotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir P.","family":"Bhagwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thaddeus C.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry W.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462053420167","article-title":"Study of patients diagnosed with advanced HIV in the HAART era\u2014OMEGA Cohort.","volume":"16","author":"J Santos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1086\/515030","article-title":"The incidence and spectrum of AIDS-defining illnesses in persons treated with antiretroviral drugs.","volume":"27","author":"DM Forrest","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.3.756","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation for <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Is the prognosis really improved?","volume":"104","author":"F Staikowsky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430220094010","article-title":"<italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia in patients without AIDS, 1980 through 1993. An analysis of 78 cases.","volume":"155","author":"SM Arend","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DDAS.0000042246.58984.98","article-title":"<italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia with oral candidiasis after infliximab therapy for Crohn&apos;s disease.","volume":"49","author":"N Kaur","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430110015002","article-title":"<italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. More patients, same risk.","volume":"155","author":"KA Sepkowitz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200401-094OC","article-title":"Association of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Severity and <italic>Pneumocystis<\/italic> Colonization.","volume":"170","author":"A Morris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0954-6111(95)90089-6","article-title":"Interleukin-8 and eicosanoid production in the lung during moderate to severe <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia in AIDS: a role of interleukin-8 in the pathogenesis of <italic>P. carinii<\/italic> pneumonia.","volume":"89","author":"TL Benfield","year":"1995","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199105000-00008","article-title":"Cellular profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of HIV-infected patients with pulmonary symptoms: relation to diagnosis and prognosis.","volume":"5","author":"BN Jensen","year":"1991","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.5.1204","article-title":"<italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia. Differences in lung parasite number and inflammation in patients with and without AIDS.","volume":"140","author":"AH Limper","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.3.763","article-title":"Leukotriene B4 and interleukin-8 in human immunodeficiency virus-related pulmonary disease.","volume":"104","author":"GY Lipschik","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/139.6.1336","article-title":"Prognostic implications of bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophilia in patients with <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia and AIDS.","volume":"139","author":"GR Mason","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.93.1.60","article-title":"Correlation of bronchoalveolar lavage cell populations with clinical severity of <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia.","volume":"93","author":"RL Smith","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1058","article-title":"Prognostic value of interleukin-8 in AIDS-associated <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia.","volume":"151","author":"TL Benfield","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540601115946","article-title":"Role of CD8 lymphocytes and neutrophilic alveolitis in <italic>Pneumocystis jiroveci<\/italic> pneumonia.","volume":"39","author":"B Vahid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1293.2002.00115.x","article-title":"Immune reconstitution pneumonitis following <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia in HIV-infected subjects.","volume":"3","author":"SM Barry","year":"2002","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200204010-00010","article-title":"Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on individual AIDS-defining illness incidence and survival in Australia.","volume":"29","author":"GJ Dore","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-4-57","article-title":"The unmasking of <italic>Pneumocystis jiroveci<\/italic> pneumonia during reversal of immunosuppression: case reports and literature review.","volume":"4","author":"AK Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1385","article-title":"Pulmonary complications in adult blood and marrow transplant recipients: autopsy findings.","volume":"128","author":"S Sharma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90187-T","article-title":"<italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia during steroid taper in patients with primary brain tumors.","volume":"94","author":"A Slivka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.3.712","article-title":"Peripheral blood CD4 + T-lymphocyte counts during <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia in immunocompromised patients without HIV infection.","volume":"118","author":"NG Mansharamani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440340145015","article-title":"Fulminant <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia in 4 patients with dermatomyositis.","volume":"157","author":"H Bachelez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S416","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.Supplement_2.S416","article-title":"<italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia in patients without AIDS.","volume":"17","author":"KA Sepkowitz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-100-5-663","article-title":"<italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia: a comparison between patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and patients with other immunodeficiencies.","volume":"100","author":"JA Kovacs","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200205)32:5<1282::AID-IMMU1282>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells suppress CD4+ T cell-mediated pulmonary hyperinflammation driven by <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> in immunodeficient mice.","volume":"32","author":"S Hori","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115910","article-title":"Both immunity and hyperresponsiveness to <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> result from transfer of CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells into severe combined immunodeficiency mice.","volume":"90","author":"JB Roths","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050724","article-title":"CD8 T cells modulate CD4 T-cell and eosinophil-mediated pulmonary pathology in P<italic>neumocystis<\/italic> pneumonia in B-cell-deficient mice.","volume":"168","author":"SD Swain","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6688","article-title":"Immune-mediated inflammation directly impairs pulmonary function, contributing to the pathogenesis of <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia.","volume":"104","author":"TW Wright","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3452","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3452-3460.1999","article-title":"Chemokine gene expression during <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic>-driven pulmonary inflammation.","volume":"67","author":"TW Wright","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.2.758-764.2001","article-title":"Pulmonary inflammation disrupts surfactant function during <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia.","volume":"69","author":"TW Wright","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1256","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00079.2006","article-title":"Contribution of T cell subsets to the pathophysiology of <italic>Pneumocystis<\/italic>-related immunorestitution disease.","volume":"291","author":"SP Bhagwat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.5.1641-1649.1993","article-title":"Single and combined humoral and cell-mediated immunotherapy of <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia in immunodeficient scid mice.","volume":"61","author":"JB Roths","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.070178","article-title":"Pulmonary Hypertension Can Be a Sequela of Prior <italic>Pneumocystis<\/italic> Pneumonia.","volume":"171","author":"SD Swain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"213","article-title":"Etanercept in combination with sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, or gold in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"33","author":"JR O'Dell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200565130-00008","article-title":"Sulfasalazine: a review of its use in the management of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"65","author":"GL Plosker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200464100-00004","article-title":"Maintenance of remission in Crohn&apos;s disease: current and emerging therapeutic options.","volume":"64","author":"MJ Brookes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702937","article-title":"Inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B and induction of apoptosis in T-lymphocytes by sulfasalazine.","volume":"128","author":"S Liptay","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.5.2766-2777.2005","article-title":"<italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> activates the NF-kappaB signaling pathway in alveolar epithelial cells.","volume":"73","author":"J Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.19458","article-title":"Suppression of NF-kappaB activity by sulfasalazine is mediated by direct inhibition of IkappaB kinases alpha and beta.","volume":"119","author":"CK Weber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI992","article-title":"Sulfasalazine: a potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B.","volume":"101","author":"C Wahl","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2004-0300OC","article-title":"<italic>Pneumocystis<\/italic> cell wall beta-glucans stimulate alveolar epithelial cell chemokine generation through nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent mechanisms.","volume":"32","author":"SE Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25001","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M301426200","article-title":"<italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> cell wall beta-glucans initiate macrophage inflammatory responses through NF-kappaB activation.","volume":"278","author":"F Lebron","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"3147","article-title":"<italic>Pneumocystis<\/italic> activates human alveolar macrophage NF-kappaB signaling through mannose receptors. Infect","volume":"72","author":"J Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immun"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"451","article-title":"Macrophage activation and polarization.","volume":"27","author":"FO Martinez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immuno"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737638","article-title":"The macrophage: past, present and future.","volume":"37","author":"S Gordon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-004-1140-6","article-title":"Lymphocyte surge as a marker for immunorestitution disease due to <italic>Pneumocystis jiroveci<\/italic> pneumonia in HIV-negative immunosuppressed hosts.","volume":"23","author":"VC Cheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1704162","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and mortality from pneumonia developing late after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.","volume":"32","author":"CS Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.03862.x","article-title":"Sulfasalazine inhibits activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in patients with ulcerative colitis.","volume":"20","author":"HT Gan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2820197","article-title":"Inhibition of folate-dependent enzymes by non-steroidal anti-infalmmatory drugs.","volume":"282","author":"JE Baggott","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.5.1937","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory mechanism of sulfasalazine is related to adenosine release at inflamed sites.","volume":"156","author":"P Gadangi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.1.21","article-title":"Cutting Edge: Physiologic Attenuation of Proinflammatory Transcription by the Gs Protein-Coupled A2A Adenosine Receptor In Vivo.","volume":"173","author":"D Lukashev","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041948","article-title":"Intestinal antiinflammatory effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid is dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{gamma}.","volume":"201","author":"C Rousseaux","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.72.4.790","article-title":"Dissociated ROS production and ceramide generation in sulfasalazine-induced cell death in Raw 264.7 cells.","volume":"72","author":"B Salh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1080\/01902140303756","article-title":"Regulation of toll-like receptor 2 and 4 gene expression in murine alveolar macrophages.","volume":"29","author":"K Oshikawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Lung Res"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2001.01272.x","article-title":"Sulphasalazine inhibits macrophage activation: inhibitory effects on inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, interleukin-12 production and major histocompatibility complex II expression.","volume":"103","author":"G Hasko","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1495","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00452.2006","article-title":"<italic>Pneumocystis<\/italic> stimulates MCP-1 production by alveolar epithelial cells through a JNK-dependent mechanism.","volume":"292","author":"J Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00229-2","article-title":"PPARgamma promotes mannose receptor gene expression in murine macrophages and contributes to the induction of this receptor by IL-13.","volume":"19","author":"A Coste","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4939","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.7.4939","article-title":"IL-13 attenuates gastrointestinal candidiasis in normal and immunodeficient RAG-2(-\/-) mice via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation.","volume":"180","author":"A Coste","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000714","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000714","article-title":"PPARgamma controls dectin-1 expression required for host antifungal defense against Candida albicans.","volume":"6(1)","author":"A Gales","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.12.041","article-title":"<italic>In vitro<\/italic>-derived alternatively activated macrophages reduce colonic inflammation in mice.","volume":"138","author":"MM Hunter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1086\/520434","article-title":"Editorial response: Prophylaxis for <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia\u2014an evolving tale of two populations.","volume":"29","author":"P Gaut","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901864","article-title":"Anti-CD3 antibody decreases inflammation and improves outcome in a murine model of <italic>Pneumocystis<\/italic> pneumonia.","volume":"184","author":"SP Bhagwat","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/351155a0","article-title":"Uptake of <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> mediated by the macrophage mannose receptor.","volume":"351","author":"RA Ezekowitz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"589","article-title":"<italic>In-vitro<\/italic> interaction of human macrophages with <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic>.","volume":"72","author":"M Forte","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI560","article-title":"Reduced binding and phagocytosis of <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> by alveolar macrophages from persons infected with HIV-1 correlates with mannose receptor downregulation.","volume":"102","author":"H Koziel","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.4.2140-2147.2004","article-title":"Effect of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic>-infected hosts on phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages.","volume":"72","author":"ME Lasbury","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12S","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1996.tb04953.x","article-title":"The role of alveolar macrophages in <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> elimination from the lower respiratory tract.","volume":"43","author":"AH Limper","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.147.1.157","article-title":"The interaction <italic>in vitro<\/italic> of <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> with macrophages and L-cells.","volume":"147","author":"H Masur","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030932","article-title":"Alveolar macrophage-mediated killing of <italic>Pneumocystis carini<\/italic>i f. sp. muris involves molecular recognition by the Dectin-1 beta-glucan receptor.","volume":"198","author":"C Steele","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E04-06-0463","article-title":"Cdc42 and RhoB activation are required for mannose receptor-mediated phagocytosis by human alveolar macrophages.","volume":"16","author":"J Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711640212","article-title":"<italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection: immunohistological and scanning and transmission electron microscopical studies.","volume":"164","author":"A Baskerville","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"709","article-title":"Development and resolution of <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> pneumonia in severe combined immunodeficient mice: a morphological study of host inflammatory responses.","volume":"73","author":"W Chen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2303.1991.tb00395.x","article-title":"The cytological diagnosis of <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> by fluorescence microscopy of Papanicolaou stained bronchoalveolar lavage specimens.","volume":"2","author":"K Wehle","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cytopathology"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2303.1993.tb00093.x","article-title":"Quantitative differences in phagocytosis and degradation of <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> by alveolar macrophages in AIDS and non-HIV patients in vivo.","volume":"4","author":"K Wehle","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cytopathology"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6211","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6211-6220.2004","article-title":"Passive immunization of neonatal mice against <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> f. sp. muris enhances control of infection without stimulating inflammation.","volume":"72","author":"KM Empey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(96)00031-2","article-title":"Assessment of <italic>in vivo<\/italic> attachment\/phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages.","volume":"193","author":"T Weaver","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119384","article-title":"The role of alveolar macrophages in <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> degradation and clearance from the lung.","volume":"99","author":"AH Limper","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.4.2511","article-title":"TNF receptor signaling contributes to chemokine secretion, inflammation, and respiratory deficits during <italic>Pneumocystis<\/italic> pneumonia.","volume":"172","author":"TW Wright","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20048","article-title":"Distinguishing modes of cell death using the ImageStream multispectral imaging flow cytometer.","volume":"59","author":"TC George","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cytometry A"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20306","article-title":"Sensitivity measurement and compensation in spectral imaging.","volume":"69","author":"WE Ortyn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cytometry A"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.3.1548-1556.2004","article-title":"Epitope mapping of a protective monoclonal antibody against <italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/italic> with shared reactivity to Streptococcus pneumoniae surface antigen PspA.","volume":"72","author":"J Wells","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2006.01.018","article-title":"Quantitative measurement of nuclear translocation events using similarity analysis of multispectral cellular images obtained in flow.","volume":"311","author":"TC George","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Immunological Methods"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1080\/08820130701715845","article-title":"Image-Based Study of Interferongenic Interactions between Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and HSV-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells*.","volume":"36","author":"NJ Megjugorac","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunological Investigations"}],"container-title":["PLoS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001058","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T22:45:38Z","timestamp":1685745938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001058"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Stuart M.","family":"Levitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,19]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001058","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,19]]}}}