{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:46:28Z","timestamp":1791935188350,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,7]],"date-time":"2010-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1286409600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,7]],"date-time":"2010-10-07T16:20:08Z","timestamp":1286468408000},"page":"e1001143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":303,"title":["Wolbachia Stimulates Immune Gene Expression and Inhibits Plasmodium Development in Anopheles gambiae"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Zakaria","family":"Kambris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Blagborough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia B.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus S. C.","family":"Blagrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Charles J.","family":"Godfray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Sinden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Sinkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2008.01110.x","article-title":"How many species are infected with <italic>Wolbachia<\/italic>? - a statistical analysis of current data.","volume":"281","author":"K Hilgenboecker","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2004.03.025","article-title":"<italic>Wolbachia<\/italic> and cytoplasmic incompatibility in mosquitoes.","volume":"34","author":"SP Sinkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/353440a0","article-title":"Rapid spread of an inherited incompatibility factor in California <italic>Drosophila<\/italic>.","volume":"353","author":"M Turelli","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/140.4.1319","article-title":"Cytoplasmic incompatibility in <italic>Drosophila simulans<\/italic>: dynamics and parameter estimates from natural populations.","volume":"140","author":"M Turelli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"42","article-title":"Cytoplasmic incompatibility in insects.","author":"AA Hoffmann","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10792","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.20.10792","article-title":"<italic>Wolbachia<\/italic>, normally a symbiont of <italic>Drosophila<\/italic>, can be virulent, causing degeneration and early death.","volume":"94","author":"KT Min","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1165326","article-title":"Stable introduction of a life-shortening <italic>Wolbachia<\/italic> infection into the mosquito <italic>Aedes aegypti<\/italic>.","volume":"323","author":"CJ McMeniman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2011(03)00082-X","article-title":"The potential of virulent <italic>Wolbachia<\/italic> to modulate disease transmission by insects.","volume":"84","author":"JS Brownstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Invertebr Pathol"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"271","article-title":"<italic>Wolbachia<\/italic> as a vehicle to modify insect populations.","author":"SP Sinkins","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-40.2.125","article-title":"<italic>Wolbachia<\/italic>-induced mortality as a mechanism to modulate pathogen transmission by vector arthropods.","volume":"40","author":"JL Rasgon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-78225-6_11","article-title":"Modifying insect population age structure to control vector-borne disease.","volume":"627","author":"PE Cook","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177531","article-title":"Immune activation by life-shortening <italic>Wolbachia<\/italic> and reduced filarial competence in mosquitoes.","volume":"326","author":"Z Kambris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.9.2628-2633.1989","article-title":"Effects of magainins and cecropins on the sporogonic development of malaria parasites in mosquitoes.","volume":"57","author":"RW Gwadz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.3.447","article-title":"Ectopic expression of a cecropin transgene in the human malaria vector mosquito <italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/italic> (Diptera: Culicidae): effects on susceptibility to <italic>Plasmodium<\/italic>.","volume":"41","author":"W Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11420","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504950102","article-title":"Immune signaling pathways regulating bacterial and malaria parasite infection of the mosquito <italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/italic>.","volume":"102","author":"S Meister","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.08.019","article-title":"Boosting NF-kappaB-dependent basal immunity of <italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/italic> aborts development of <italic>Plasmodium berghei<\/italic>.","volume":"25","author":"C Frolet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000335","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000335","article-title":"Caspar controls resistance to <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> in diverse anopheline species.","volume":"5","author":"LS Garver","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00173-4","article-title":"Complement-like protein TEP1 is a determinant of vectorial capacity in the malaria vector <italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/italic>.","volume":"116","author":"S Blandin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175241","article-title":"Dissecting the genetic basis of resistance to malaria parasites in <italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/italic>.","volume":"326","author":"SA Blandin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171400","article-title":"Leucine-rich repeat protein complex activates mosquito complement in defense against <italic>Plasmodium<\/italic> parasites.","volume":"324","author":"M Povelones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.11.042","article-title":"A <italic>Wolbachia<\/italic> symbiont in <italic>Aedes aegypti<\/italic> limits infection with dengue, Chikungunya, and <italic>Plasmodium<\/italic>.","volume":"139","author":"LA Moreira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6963","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01038-08","article-title":"Host adaptation of a <italic>Wolbachia<\/italic> strain after long-term serial passage in mosquito cell lines.","volume":"74","author":"CJ McMeniman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6934","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01673-06","article-title":"Survival of <italic>Wolbachia pipientis<\/italic> in cell-free medium.","volume":"72","author":"JL Rasgon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00207-09","article-title":"The virulent <italic>Wolbachia<\/italic> strain <italic>w<\/italic>MelPop efficiently establishes somatic infections in the malaria vector <italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/italic>.","volume":"75","author":"C Jin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-1748(98)00119-2","article-title":"<italic>Wolbachia<\/italic> infections are distributed throughout insect somatic and germ line tissues.","volume":"29","author":"SL Dobson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2009.00822.x","article-title":"Cytoplasmic incompatibility in populations with overlapping generations.","volume":"64","author":"M Turelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e552","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000552","article-title":"Characterizing the <italic>Aedes aegypti<\/italic> population in a Vietnamese village in preparation for a <italic>Wolbachia<\/italic>-based mosquito control strategy to eliminate dengue.","volume":"3","author":"JAL Jeffery","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1162418","article-title":"<italic>Wolbachia<\/italic> and virus protection in insects.","volume":"322","author":"LM Hedges","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000002","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000002","article-title":"The bacterial symbiont <italic>Wolbachia<\/italic> induces resistance to RNA viral infections in <italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/italic>.","volume":"6","author":"L Teixeira","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000656","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000656","article-title":"Variation in antiviral protection mediated by different <italic>Wolbachia<\/italic> strains in <italic>Drosophila simulans<\/italic>.","volume":"5","author":"SE Osborne","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2009.05.005","article-title":"Symbiont-mediated protection in insect hosts.","volume":"17","author":"JC Brownlie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0335320100","article-title":"Facultative bacterial symbionts in aphids confer resistance to parasitic wasps.","volume":"100","author":"KM Oliver","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120180","article-title":"Aphid protected from pathogen by endosymbiont.","volume":"310","author":"CL Scarborough","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108423","article-title":"Fungal pathogen reduces potential for malaria transmission.","volume":"308","author":"S Blanford","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108639","article-title":"An entomopathogenic fungus for control of adult African malaria mosquitoes.","volume":"308","author":"EJ Scholte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2009.01.006","article-title":"Real-time quantitative PCR for analysis of candidate fungal biopesticides against malaria: technique validation and first applications.","volume":"100","author":"AS Bell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Invert Pathol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(72)90068-5","article-title":"A mosquito cell line (MOS55) from <italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/italic> larvae.","volume":"66","author":"Z Marhoul","year":"1972","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1965.11686285","article-title":"Cross-over values in the sex chromosomes of the mosquito <italic>Aedes aegypti<\/italic> and evidence of the presence of inversions.","volume":"59","author":"WW Macdonald","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"e327","article-title":"Phylogenomics of the reproductive parasite <italic>Wolbachia pipientis w<\/italic>Mel: A streamlined genome overrun by mobile genetic elements.","volume":"2","author":"M Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7077","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.24.7077-7084.2003","article-title":"Development of a physical and genetic map of the virulent <italic>Wolbachia<\/italic> strain <italic>w<\/italic>MelPop.","volume":"185","author":"LV Sun","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2002.00229.x","article-title":"Molecular interactions between <italic>Plasmodium<\/italic> and its insect vectors.","volume":"4","author":"RE Sinden","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n13","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-3-13","article-title":"Statics and dynamics of malaria infection in <italic>Anopheles<\/italic> mosquitoes.","volume":"3","author":"DL Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.10.013","article-title":"Knock-down of <italic>REL2<\/italic>, but not <italic>defensin A<\/italic>, augments <italic>Aedes aegypti<\/italic> susceptibility to <italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/italic> and <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic>.","volume":"113","author":"T Magalhaes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Trop"}],"container-title":["PLoS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001143","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T08:45:33Z","timestamp":1636620333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001143"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Vernick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001143","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.6344956.6443054","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,7]]}}}