{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:44:55Z","timestamp":1791391495628,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]],"date-time":"2011-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1300320000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]],"date-time":"2011-03-17T22:04:53Z","timestamp":1300399493000},"page":"e1001320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":261,"title":["Blood Meal-Derived Heme Decreases ROS Levels in the Midgut of Aedes aegypti and Allows Proliferation of Intestinal Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jose Henrique M.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata L. S.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio A.","family":"Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe A.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Caroline P.","family":"Gandara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rubem F. S.","family":"Menna-Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith C.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco R. M.","family":"Laurindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio A. C.","family":"Silva-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos H. F.","family":"Sorgine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro L.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1149357","article-title":"Innate immune homeostasis by the homeobox gene caudal and commensal-gut mutualism in Drosophila.","volume":"319","author":"JH Ryu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000098","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000098","article-title":"The Aedes aegypti toll pathway controls dengue virus infection.","volume":"4","author":"Z Xi","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000423","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000423","article-title":"Implication of the mosquito midgut microbiota in the defense against malaria parasites.","volume":"5","author":"Y Dong","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000542","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000542","article-title":"Anopheles gambiae PGRPLC-mediated defense against bacteria modulates infections with malaria parasites.","volume":"5","author":"S Meister","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2004.11.007","article-title":"An antioxidant system required for host protection against gut infection in Drosophila.","volume":"8","author":"EM Ha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1117311","article-title":"A direct role for dual oxidase in Drosophila gut immunity.","volume":"310","author":"EM Ha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2008.12.015","article-title":"Regulation of DUOX by the Galphaq-phospholipase Cbeta-Ca2+ pathway in Drosophila gut immunity.","volume":"16","author":"EM Ha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1765","article-title":"Coordination of multiple dual oxidase-regulatory pathways in responses to commensal and infectious microbes in drosophila gut.","volume":"10","author":"EM Ha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14139","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2036262100","article-title":"The role of reactive oxygen species on Plasmodium melanotic encapsulation in Anopheles gambiae.","volume":"100","author":"S Kumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3217","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M705873200","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species modulate Anopheles gambiae immunity against bacteria and Plasmodium.","volume":"283","author":"A Molina-Cruz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1184008","article-title":"A peroxidase\/dual oxidase system modulates midgut epithelial immunity in Anopheles gambiae.","volume":"327","author":"S Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00223-3","article-title":"The heme synthesis and degradation pathways: role in oxidant sensitivity. Heme oxygenase has both pro- and antioxidant properties.","volume":"28","author":"SW Ryter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V100.3.879","article-title":"Pro-oxidant and cytotoxic effects of circulating heme.","volume":"100","author":"V Jeney","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2006.01.009","article-title":"Adaptations against heme toxicity in blood-feeding arthropods.","volume":"36","author":"AV Graca-Souza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/22910","article-title":"Haem detoxification by an insect.","volume":"400","author":"MF Oliveira","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9540","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0605991","article-title":"Identification of the Aedes aegypti peritrophic matrix protein AeIMUCI as a heme-binding protein.","volume":"45","author":"M Devenport","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8030","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602224103","article-title":"A heme-degradation pathway in a blood-sucking insect.","volume":"103","author":"GO Paiva-Silva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6822","DOI":"10.1021\/bi700011d","article-title":"Biglutaminyl-biliverdin IX alpha as a heme degradation product in the dengue fever insect-vector Aedes aegypti.","volume":"46","author":"LO Pereira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.1058","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide detoxification in the midgut of the blood-sucking insect, Rhodnius prolixus.","volume":"48","author":"MC Paes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2006.10.008","article-title":"Oxidative stress impairs heme detoxification in the midgut of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.","volume":"151","author":"M Citelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10897","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.18.10897","article-title":"A heme-binding protein from hemolymph and oocytes of the blood-sucking insect, Rhodnius prolixus. Isolation and characterization.","volume":"270","author":"PL Oliveira","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2006.8.1865","article-title":"Redefining oxidative stress.","volume":"8","author":"DP Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2006.8.107","article-title":"The heme-Bach1 pathway in the regulation of oxidative stress response and erythroid differentiation.","volume":"8","author":"K Igarashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-08-041830","article-title":"Regulation of protein synthesis by the heme-regulated eIF2alpha kinase: relevance to anemias.","volume":"109","author":"JJ Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.69020581.x","article-title":"Mechanism of cellular 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction.","volume":"69","author":"Y Liu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C413","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00188.2006","article-title":"Analysis of DHE-derived oxidation products by HPLC in the assessment of superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activity in vascular systems.","volume":"292","author":"DC Fernandes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7854","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007854","article-title":"Blood-feeding induces reversible functional changes in flight muscle mitochondria of Aedes aegypti mosquito.","volume":"4","author":"RL Goncalves","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method.","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.04.003","article-title":"The STAT pathway mediates late-phase immunity against Plasmodium in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae.","volume":"5","author":"L Gupta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00163-4","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the use of hydroethidine as a measure of superoxide anion radical.","volume":"25","author":"L Benov","year":"1998","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00061-1","article-title":"Dihydrofluorescein diacetate is superior for detecting intracellular oxidants: comparison with 2\u2032,7\u2032-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, 5(and 6)-carboxy-2\u2032,7\u2032-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, and dihydrorhodamine 123.","volume":"27","author":"SL Hempel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.05.004","article-title":"Thiol chemistry and specificity in redox signaling.","volume":"45","author":"CC Winterbourn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(03)00174-6","article-title":"Editorial commentary on \u201cSuperoxide reacts with hydroethidine but forms a fluorescent product that is distinctly different from ethidium: potential implications in intracellular fluorescence detection of superoxide\u201d by H. Zhao et al.","volume":"34","author":"I Fridovich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.473","article-title":"Detection of 2-hydroxyethidium in cellular systems: a unique marker product of superoxide and hydroethidine.","volume":"3","author":"J Zielonka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3510095","article-title":"Specificity and mechanism of action of some commonly used protein kinase inhibitors.","volume":"351","author":"SP Davies","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27489","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.46.27489","article-title":"PD 098059 is a specific inhibitor of the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase in vitro and in vivo.","volume":"270","author":"DR Alessi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.107.072587","article-title":"Oxidative stress enzymes are required for DAF-16-mediated immunity due to generation of reactive oxygen species by Caenorhabditis elegans.","volume":"176","author":"V Chavez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2009.00899.x","article-title":"Induced nitric oxide synthesis in the gut of Manduca sexta protects against oral infection by the bacterial pathogen Photorhabdus luminescens.","volume":"18","author":"I Eleftherianos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.1787","article-title":"Heme, heme oxygenase, and ferritin: how the vascular endothelium survives (and dies) in an iron-rich environment.","volume":"9","author":"J Balla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3855","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)32745-5","article-title":"A direct electron spin resonance and spin-trapping investigation of peroxyl free radical formation by hematin\/hydroperoxide systems.","volume":"258","author":"B Kalyanaraman","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(95)02031-4","article-title":"ESR spin trapping investigation of radical formation from the reaction between hematin and tert-Butyl hydroperoxide.","volume":"20","author":"J van der Zee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"9673","article-title":"Urate synthesis in the blood-sucking insect rhodnius prolixus.","volume":"274","author":"AV Graca-Souza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stimulation by hemin is mediated by protein kinase C. J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4160","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.11.4160","article-title":"Neutrophil activation by heme: implications for inflammatory processes.","volume":"99","author":"AV Graca-Souza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20221","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M610737200","article-title":"Characterization of heme as activator of Toll-like receptor 4.","volume":"282","author":"RT Figueiredo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80172-5","article-title":"The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spatzle\/Toll\/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults.","volume":"86","author":"B Lemaitre","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141615","article-title":"The host defense of Drosophila melanogaster.","volume":"25","author":"B Lemaitre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3693","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601233","article-title":"An essential complementary role of NF-kappaB pathway to microbicidal oxidants in Drosophila gut immunity.","volume":"25","author":"JH Ryu","year":"2006","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.24.1.58-61.1972","article-title":"Catalase test as an aid to the identification of Enterobacteriaceae.","volume":"24","author":"WI Taylor","year":"1972","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2009.01.007","article-title":"The role of NF-kappaB factor REL2 in the Aedes aegypti immune response.","volume":"39","author":"Y Antonova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/0965-1748(95)00043-U","article-title":"Insect immunity: isolation of three novel inducible antibacterial defensins from the vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti.","volume":"25","author":"C Lowenberger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12630","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.221466798","article-title":"Gambicin: a novel immune responsive antimicrobial peptide from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.","volume":"98","author":"J Vizioli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/0965-1748(94)00091-C","article-title":"Identification of early genes in the Drosophila immune response by PCR-based differential display: the Attacin A gene and the evolution of attacin-like proteins.","volume":"25","author":"B Asling","year":"1995","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)03026-0","article-title":"Vampires, Pasteur and reactive oxygen species. Is the switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism a preventive antioxidant defence in blood-feeding parasites?","volume":"525","author":"PL Oliveira","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-1-257","article-title":"Determination of bacterial load by real-time PCR using a broad-range (universal) probe and primers set.","volume":"148","author":"MA Nadkarni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiology"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/34fed6f4-4096-4980-bf2f-b918e14f5ff5","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]],"date-time":"2013-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361836800000}}],"container-title":["PLoS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T12:51:05Z","timestamp":1637412665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001320"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David S.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001320","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]]}}}