{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:40:16Z","timestamp":1791049216356,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]],"date-time":"2012-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354147200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]],"date-time":"2012-11-29T18:16:00Z","timestamp":1354212960000},"page":"e1003039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":239,"title":["IL-1\u03b2 Signaling Promotes CNS-Intrinsic Immune Control of West Nile Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hilario J.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion C.","family":"Lanteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Blahnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amina","family":"Negash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehul S.","family":"Suthar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret M.","family":"Brassil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khushbu","family":"Sodhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piper M.","family":"Treuting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70030-3","article-title":"West Nile virus","volume":"6","author":"LD Kramer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0213","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex of the flavivirus genus","volume":"218","author":"M Poidinger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1086\/521911","article-title":"The continuing spread of West Nile virus in the western hemisphere","volume":"45","author":"DJ Gubler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050289a","article-title":"Epidemiology and transmission dynamics of West Nile virus disease","volume":"11","author":"EB Hayes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9349","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01122-06","article-title":"Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus infection: a balance between virulence, innate and adaptive immunity, and viral evasion","volume":"80","author":"MA Samuel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20959","article-title":"West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease","volume":"60","author":"LE Davis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.4.511","article-title":"Neurologic manifestations and outcome of West Nile virus infection","volume":"290","author":"JJ Sejvar","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01454.x","article-title":"Interleukin-1beta but not tumor necrosis factor is involved in West Nile virus-induced Langerhans cell migration from the skin in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"117","author":"SN Byrne","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000757","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000757","article-title":"IPS-1 is essential for the control of West Nile virus infection and immunity","volume":"6","author":"MS Suthar","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031223","article-title":"A critical role for induced IgM in the protection against West Nile virus infection","volume":"198","author":"MS Diamond","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7186","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00396-11","article-title":"Beta interferon controls West Nile virus infection and pathogenesis in mice","volume":"85","author":"HM Lazear","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13350","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.21.13350-13361.2005","article-title":"Alpha\/beta interferon protects against lethal West Nile virus infection by restricting cellular tropism and enhancing neuronal survival","volume":"79","author":"MA Samuel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5338","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00274-06","article-title":"Gamma interferon plays a crucial early antiviral role in protection against West Nile virus infection","volume":"80","author":"B Shrestha","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8312","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.15.8312-8321.2004","article-title":"Role of CD8+ T cells in control of West Nile virus infection","volume":"78","author":"B Shrestha","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13323","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.24.13323-13334.2003","article-title":"CD8+ T cells mediate recovery and immunopathology in West Nile virus encephalitis","volume":"77","author":"Y Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.1.119-129.2006","article-title":"CD8+ T cells require perforin to clear West Nile virus from infected neurons","volume":"80","author":"B Shrestha","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb.7100012","article-title":"Immunopathology of flavivirus infections","volume":"85","author":"NJ King","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8956","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01118-08","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha protects against lethal West Nile virus infection by promoting trafficking of mononuclear leukocytes into the central nervous system","volume":"82","author":"B Shrestha","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12125","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01026-10","article-title":"The innate immune adaptor molecule MyD88 restricts West Nile virus replication and spread in neurons of the central nervous system","volume":"84","author":"KJ Szretter","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.11.012","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 7 mitigates lethal West Nile encephalitis via interleukin 23-dependent immune cell infiltration and homing","volume":"30","author":"T Town","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)00502-8","article-title":"Involvement of IL-1beta and IL-10 in IFN-alpha-mediated antiviral gene induction in human hepatoma cells","volume":"294","author":"T Ichikawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90475-K","article-title":"Spontaneous production of tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta during interferon-alpha treatment of chronic HBV infection","volume":"335","author":"HM Daniels","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.07.006","article-title":"IL-1 acts on T cells to enhance the magnitude of in vivo immune responses","volume":"56","author":"SZ Ben-Sasson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2851","article-title":"Central roles of NLRs and inflammasomes in viral infection","volume":"10","author":"TD Kanneganti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.6.2095.bloodjournal8762095","article-title":"Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease","volume":"87","author":"CA Dinarello","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5343.1612","article-title":"IRAK (Pelle) family member IRAK-2 and MyD88 as proximal mediators of IL-1 signaling","volume":"278","author":"M Muzio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00599-3","article-title":"The inflammasome: a molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-beta","volume":"10","author":"F Martinon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1019","article-title":"NALPs: a novel protein family involved in inflammation","volume":"4","author":"J Tschopp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08307.x","article-title":"Interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-18, and the interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme","volume":"856","author":"CA Dinarello","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2009.06.002","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms involved in inflammasome activation","volume":"19","author":"C Bryant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.10.036","article-title":"Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by intracellular poly I:C","volume":"584","author":"JV Rajan","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.02.005","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome mediates in vivo innate immunity to influenza A virus through recognition of viral RNA","volume":"30","author":"IC Allen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6441","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.10.6441-6448.2005","article-title":"Interleukin-1 is responsible for acute lung immunopathology but increases survival of respiratory influenza virus infection","volume":"79","author":"N Schmitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.02.006","article-title":"The intracellular sensor NLRP3 mediates key innate and healing responses to influenza A virus via the regulation of caspase-1","volume":"30","author":"PG Thomas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1086\/520094","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta play a critical role in the resistance against lethal herpes simplex virus encephalitis","volume":"196","author":"Y Sergerie","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081667","article-title":"Inflammasome recognition of influenza virus is essential for adaptive immune responses","volume":"206","author":"T Ichinohe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5044","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611608104","article-title":"Antiviral and immunoregulatory activities of IFN-gamma depend on constitutively expressed IL-1alpha","volume":"104","author":"V Hurgin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.3.2563-2567.1999","article-title":"Resistance of interleukin-1beta-deficient mice to fatal Sindbis virus encephalitis","volume":"73","author":"XH Liang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05230.x","article-title":"The inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 beta, mediates loss of astroglial glutamate transport and drives excitotoxic motor neuron injury in the spinal cord during acute viral encephalomyelitis","volume":"105","author":"NA Prow","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.01.009","article-title":"Japanese Encephalitis Virus infection induces IL-18 and IL-1beta in microglia and astrocytes: correlation with in vitro cytokine responsiveness of glial cells and subsequent neuronal death","volume":"195","author":"S Das","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32270","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032270","article-title":"NLRP3 Inflammasome: Key Mediator of Neuroinflammation in Murine Japanese Encephalitis","volume":"7","author":"DK Kaushik","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03289.x","article-title":"Relative distribution of West Nile virus RNA in blood compartments: implications for blood donor nucleic acid amplification technology screening","volume":"52","author":"L Lai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10649","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010649","article-title":"Persistence of West Nile virus in the central nervous system and periphery of mice","volume":"5","author":"KK Appler","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9424","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00768-06","article-title":"Resistance to alpha\/beta interferon is a determinant of West Nile virus replication fitness and virulence","volume":"80","author":"BC Keller","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7009","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00489-06","article-title":"PKR and RNase L contribute to protection against lethal West Nile Virus infection by controlling early viral spread in the periphery and replication in neurons","volume":"80","author":"MA Samuel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09489","article-title":"2\u2032-O methylation of the viral mRNA cap evades host restriction by IFIT family members","volume":"468","author":"S Daffis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44412","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.285205","article-title":"Inhibitor of kappaB kinase epsilon (IKK(epsilon)), STAT1, and IFIT2 proteins define novel innate immune effector pathway against West Nile virus infection","volume":"286","author":"O Perwitasari","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7704","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00401-12","article-title":"Infectious clones of novel lineage 1 and lineage 2 West Nile virus strains WNV-TX02 and WNV-Madagascar","volume":"86","author":"MS Suthar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4167","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01687-10","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome detects encephalomyocarditis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus infection","volume":"85","author":"JV Rajan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1824","article-title":"Recognition of RNA virus by RIG-I results in activation of CARD9 and inflammasome signaling for interleukin 1 beta production","volume":"11","author":"H Poeck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07710","article-title":"AIM2 activates the inflammasome and cell death in response to cytoplasmic DNA","volume":"458","author":"T Fernandes-Alnemri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1702","article-title":"An orthogonal proteomic-genomic screen identifies AIM2 as a cytoplasmic DNA sensor for the inflammasome","volume":"10","author":"T Burckstummer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07725","article-title":"AIM2 recognizes cytosolic dsDNA and forms a caspase-1-activating inflammasome with ASC","volume":"458","author":"V Hornung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01305-07","article-title":"Establishment and maintenance of the innate antiviral response to West Nile Virus involves both RIG-I and MDA5 signaling through IPS-1","volume":"82","author":"BL Fredericksen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.004960-0","article-title":"T-cell intrinsic expression of MyD88 is required for sustained expansion of the virus-specific CD8+ T-cell population in LCMV-infected mice","volume":"90","author":"C Bartholdy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3804","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.6.3804","article-title":"MyD88 plays a critical T cell-intrinsic role in supporting CD8 T cell expansion during acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection","volume":"181","author":"AH Rahman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-03-148809","article-title":"A critical role for direct TLR2-MyD88 signaling in CD8 T-cell clonal expansion and memory formation following vaccinia viral infection","volume":"113","author":"M Quigley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6278","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803682","article-title":"The adaptor molecule MyD88 directly promotes CD8 T cell responses to vaccinia virus","volume":"182","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002712","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002712","article-title":"Interferon-induced Ifit2\/ISG54 protects mice from lethal VSV neuropathogenesis","volume":"8","author":"V Fensterl","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.4.811","article-title":"Production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-1 inhibitor by human monocytes exposed to dengue virus","volume":"170","author":"DM Chang","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652009000300004","article-title":"Cytokine and nitric oxide production by mouse macrophages infected with Brazilian flaviviruses","volume":"51","author":"VE Barros","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2007.0072","article-title":"West nile virus attenuates activation of primary human macrophages","volume":"21","author":"KF Kong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.02.004","article-title":"Critical role for NALP3\/CIAS1\/Cryopyrin in innate and adaptive immunity through its regulation of caspase-1","volume":"24","author":"FS Sutterwala","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7535475","article-title":"Altered cytokine export and apoptosis in mice deficient in interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme","volume":"267","author":"K Kuida","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02664","article-title":"Differential activation of the inflammasome by caspase-1 adaptors ASC and Ipaf","volume":"430","author":"S Mariathasan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.1.119-129.2006","article-title":"CD8+ T cells require perforin to clear West Nile virus from infected neurons","volume":"80","author":"B Shrestha","year":"2006","journal-title":"JVirol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.4.2578-2586.2003","article-title":"B cells and antibody play critical roles in the immediate defense of disseminated infection by West Nile encephalitis virus","volume":"77","author":"MS Diamond","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"}],"container-title":["PLoS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003039","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T01:59:19Z","timestamp":1594951159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003039"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Akiko","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003039","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.721664532.793513339","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]]}}}