{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:48:01Z","timestamp":1791946081871,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]],"date-time":"2012-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356566400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]],"date-time":"2013-01-02T12:36:41Z","timestamp":1357130201000},"page":"e1003087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":187,"title":["Botulinum Neurotoxins A and E Undergo Retrograde Axonal Transport in Primary Motor Neurons"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Restani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Giribaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Manich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinga","family":"Bercsenyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Menendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ornella","family":"Rossetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Caleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampietro","family":"Schiavo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.53.1.551","article-title":"Clostridial toxins as therapeutic agents: benefits of nature&apos;s most toxic proteins","volume":"53","author":"EA Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812839106","article-title":"Bimodal modulation of the botulinum neurotoxin protein-conducting channel","volume":"106","author":"A Fischer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.07.134","article-title":"Subunit vaccine efficacy against Botulinum neurotoxin subtypes","volume":"29","author":"JS Henkel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03965.x","article-title":"Presynaptic enzymatic neurotoxins","volume":"97","author":"O Rossetto","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74805-2_6","article-title":"Presynaptic neurotoxins with enzymatic activities","author":"O Rossetto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.2.717","article-title":"Neurotoxins affecting neuroexocytosis","volume":"80","author":"G Schiavo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2005.06.001","article-title":"Beyond BOTOX: advantages and limitations of individual botulinum neurotoxins","volume":"28","author":"B Davletov","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01180-06","article-title":"Genetic diversity among Botulinum Neurotoxin-producing clostridial strains","volume":"189","author":"KK Hill","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-4257(01)00086-9","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxins: from paralysis to recovery of functional neuromuscular transmission","volume":"96","author":"FA Meunier","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Physiol Paris"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2004.12.006","article-title":"Botulinal neurotoxins: revival of an old killer","volume":"5","author":"C Montecucco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00112-0","article-title":"Membrane fusion","volume":"112","author":"R Jahn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)00948-5","article-title":"Persistence of botulinum neurotoxin action in cultured spinal cord cells","volume":"456","author":"JE Keller","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4914(03)00113-8","article-title":"Getting muscles moving again after botulinum toxin: novel therapeutic challenges","volume":"9","author":"PG Foran","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0468-69","article-title":"Tetanus","volume":"218","author":"WE Van Heyningen","year":"1968","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2395","article-title":"A hitchhiker&apos;s guide to the nervous system: the complex journey of viruses and toxins","volume":"8","author":"S Salinas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10315","article-title":"Axonal transport and neuronal transcytosis of trophic factors, tracers, and pathogens","volume":"58","author":"CS von Bartheld","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.04.026","article-title":"Behavioral and immunohistochemical evidence for central antinociceptive activity of botulinum toxin A","volume":"186","author":"I Matak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20111117","article-title":"Extravesicular intraneuronal migration of internalized botulinum neurotoxins without detectable inhibition of distal neurotransmission","volume":"441","author":"GW Lawrence","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15650","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2618-11.2011","article-title":"Evidence for anterograde transport and transcytosis of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT\/A)","volume":"31","author":"L Restani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3689","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0375-08.2008","article-title":"Long-distance retrograde effects of botulinum neurotoxin A","volume":"28","author":"F Antonucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200106142","article-title":"Analysis of retrograde transport in motor neurons reveals common endocytic carriers for tetanus toxin and neurotrophin receptor p75<sup>NTR<\/sup>","volume":"156","author":"G Lalli","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42336","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M506750200","article-title":"Tetanus toxin is transported in a novel neuronal compartment characterized by a specialized pH regulation","volume":"280","author":"S Bohnert","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.08.018","article-title":"Rab5 and Rab7 control endocytic sorting along the axonal retrograde transport pathway","volume":"52","author":"K Deinhardt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20523","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006869107","article-title":"Deficits in axonal transport precede ALS symptoms in vivo","volume":"107","author":"LG Bilsland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1136","article-title":"Mammalian cell-based optimization of the biarsenical-binding tetracysteine motif for improved fluorescence and affinity","volume":"23","author":"BR Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.02.074","article-title":"The synaptic vesicle protein 2C mediates the uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A into phrenic nerves","volume":"580","author":"S Mahrhold","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123654","article-title":"SV2 is the protein receptor for botulinum neurotoxin A","volume":"312","author":"M Dong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5226","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E08-07-0765","article-title":"Glycosylated SV2A and SV2B mediate the entry of botulinum neurotoxin E into neurons","volume":"19","author":"M Dong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19960501)44:3<263::AID-JNR7>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Productive and non-productive binding of botulinum neurotoxin A to motor nerve endings are distinguished by its heavy chain","volume":"44","author":"PU Daniels-Holgate","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0356698","article-title":"Uptake of botulinum neurotoxin into cultured neurons","volume":"43","author":"JE Keller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35966","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.283879","article-title":"Dynamin inhibition blocks botulinum neurotoxin type A endocytosis in neurons and delays botulism","volume":"286","author":"CB Harper","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.03.020","article-title":"A vesicle superpool spans multiple presynaptic terminals in hippocampal neurons","volume":"66","author":"K Staras","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1640","article-title":"Constitutive sharing of recycling synaptic vesicles between presynaptic boutons","volume":"9","author":"KJ Darcy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2012.01369.x","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin a impairs neurotransmission following retrograde transynaptic transport","volume":"13","author":"L Restani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.316","article-title":"Microfluidic culture platform for neuroscience research","volume":"1","author":"JW Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E559","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1100745108","article-title":"ADP ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) controls amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing by mediating the endosomal sorting of BACE1","volume":"108","author":"R Sannerud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00835-8","article-title":"Directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells into motor neurons","volume":"110","author":"H Wichterle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2012.07658.x","article-title":"Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule modulates neurotrophin signaling","volume":"121","author":"A Wade","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2007.00645.x","article-title":"Neurotrophins Redirect p75NTR from a clathrin-independent to a clathrin-dependent endocytic pathway coupled to axonal transport","volume":"8","author":"K Deinhardt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000442","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000442","article-title":"CAR-associated vesicular transport of an adenovirus in motor neuron axons","volume":"5","author":"S Salinas","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.051908.125345","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin: a marvel of protein design","volume":"79","author":"M Montal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"Paxinos G (2004) The rat nervous system. Oxford: Elsevier."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00500611","article-title":"125I-labeled neurotoxin from Clostridium botulinum A: preparation, binding to synaptosomes and ascent to the spinal cord","volume":"281","author":"E Habermann","year":"1974","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00498587","article-title":"125I-labelled botulinum A neurotoxin: pharmacokinetics in cats after intramuscular injection","volume":"292","author":"H Wiegand","year":"1976","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.103.2.521","article-title":"Interaction of 125I-labeled botulinum neurotoxins with nerve terminals. I. Ultrastructural autoradiographic localization and quantitation of distinct membrane acceptors for types A and B on motor nerves","volume":"103","author":"JD Black","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.72.4.2041","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin alters the discharge characteristics of abducens motoneurons in the alert cat","volume":"72","author":"B Moreno-Lopez","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00200-5","article-title":"Effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A on abducens motoneurons in the cat: ultrastructural and synaptic alterations","volume":"81","author":"AM Pastor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(03)00210-5","article-title":"The journey of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins in neurons","volume":"11","author":"G Lalli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609713104","article-title":"Identification of the protein receptor binding site of botulinum neurotoxins B and G proves the double-receptor concept","volume":"104","author":"A Rummel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200707184","article-title":"Mechanism of botulinum neurotoxin B and G entry into hippocampal neurons","volume":"179","author":"M Dong","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7568","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M704097200","article-title":"The dystonia-associated protein torsinA modulates synaptic vesicle recycling","volume":"283","author":"A Granata","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2010.285","article-title":"CSN complex controls the stability of selected synaptic proteins via a torsinA-dependent process","volume":"30","author":"A Granata","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb879","article-title":"Translocation of botulinum neurotoxin light chain protease through the heavy chain channel","volume":"10","author":"LK Koriazova","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Struct Biol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4322-04.2005","article-title":"Synaptic targeting of retrogradely transported trophic factors in motoneurons: comparison of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and cardiotrophin-1 with tetanus toxin","volume":"25","author":"HB Rind","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.77.1.1","article-title":"Selective binding, uptake, and retrograde transport of tetanus toxin by nerve terminals in the rat iris. An electron microscope study using colloidal gold as a tracer","volume":"77","author":"ME Schwab","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6358","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.082658499","article-title":"Sustained stimulation shifts the mechanism of endocytosis from dynamin-1-dependent rapid endocytosis to clathrin- and dynamin-2-mediated slow endocytosis in chromaffin cells","volume":"99","author":"CR Artalejo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001207","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001207","article-title":"SV2 mediates entry of tetanus neurotoxin into central neurons","volume":"6","author":"FL Yeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.136200","article-title":"The continuing case for the Renshaw cell","volume":"584","author":"FJ Alvarez","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Marchand-Pauvert V, Aymard C, Giboin L, Dominici F, Rossi A, et al. (2012 in press) Beyond muscular effects: depression of spinal recurrent inhibition after botulinum neurotoxin A","journal-title":"J Physiol [Epub ahead of print]"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00232447","article-title":"Pattern of heteronymous recurrent inhibition in the human lower limb","volume":"102","author":"S Meunier","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2012.00102","article-title":"Tyrosine phosphorylation of botulinum neurotoxin protease domains","volume":"3","author":"S Toth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16554","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008302107","article-title":"Targeting botulinum neurotoxin persistence by the ubiquitin-proteasome system","volume":"107","author":"YC Tsai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4995","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02225-08","article-title":"Receptor-dependent and -independent axonal retrograde transport of poliovirus in motor neurons","volume":"83","author":"S Ohka","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200508170","article-title":"Tetanus toxin is internalized by a sequential clathrin-dependent mechanism initiated within lipid microdomains and independent of epsin1","volume":"174","author":"K Deinhardt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4530","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0772-07.2007","article-title":"Transient synaptic silencing of developing striate cortex has persistent effects on visual function and plasticity","volume":"27","author":"M Caleo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.11.012","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin E (BoNT\/E) reduces CA1 neuron loss and granule cell dispersion, with no effects on chronic seizures, in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"210","author":"F Antonucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6375","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.181784","article-title":"A dileucine in the protease of botulinum toxin A underlies its long-lived neuroparalysis: transfer of longevity to a novel potential therapeutic","volume":"286","author":"J Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20006","article-title":"Is the light chain subcellular localization an important factor in botulinum toxin duration of action?","volume":"19","author":"E Fernandez-Salas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20065","article-title":"Physiological effects of botulinum toxin in spasticity","volume":"19 Suppl 8","author":"JM Gracies","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000345010.98495.fc","article-title":"Do the unintended actions of botulinum toxin at distant sites have clinical implications?","volume":"72","author":"A Curra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.05887.x","article-title":"A reappraisal of the central effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A: by what mechanism?","volume":"109","author":"M Caleo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15434","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.25.15434","article-title":"CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1):tetanus toxin fragment C hybrid protein for targeted delivery of SOD-1 to neuronal cells","volume":"270","author":"JW Francis","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.06.066","article-title":"IGF-1:tetanus toxin fragment C fusion protein improves delivery of IGF-1 to spinal cord but fails to prolong survival of ALS mice","volume":"1287","author":"RJ Chian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.112.16.2715","article-title":"Functional characterisation of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins binding domains","volume":"112","author":"G Lalli","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(95)48041-2","article-title":"Tetanus and botulism neurotoxins: isolation and assay","volume":"248","author":"G Schiavo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03510.x","article-title":"Tetanus neurotoxin-induced epilepsy in mouse visual cortex","volume":"53","author":"M Mainardi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19990101)55:1<119::AID-JNR13>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Cardiotrophin-1 requires LIFR\u03b2 to promote survival of mouse motoneurons purified by a novel technique","volume":"55","author":"V Arce","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083129","article-title":"Mutations in dynein link motor neuron degeneration to defects in retrograde transport","volume":"300","author":"M Hafezparast","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200501085","article-title":"A mutation in dynein rescues axonal transport defects and extends the life span of ALS mice","volume":"169","author":"D Kieran","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00370-X","article-title":"SV2C is a synaptic vesicle protein with an unusually restricted localization: anatomy of a synaptic vesicle protein family","volume":"94","author":"R Janz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02195.x","article-title":"Time course of motor cortex reorganization following botulinum toxin injection into the vibrissal pad of the adult rat","volume":"16","author":"G Franchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03653.x","article-title":"Time course for the reappearance of vibrissal motor representation following botulinum toxin injection into the vibrissal pad of the adult rat","volume":"20","author":"G Franchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(00)00005-8","article-title":"CNS plasticity and assessment of forelimb sensorimotor outcome in unilateral rat models of stroke, cortical ablation, parkinsonism and spinal cord injury","volume":"39","author":"T Schallert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11743","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011743","article-title":"The use of PRV-Bartha to define premotor inputs to lumbar motoneurons in the neonatal spinal cord of the mouse","volume":"5","author":"K Jovanovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["PLoS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003087","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]],"date-time":"2022-02-04T20:59:22Z","timestamp":1644008362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003087"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Blanke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003087","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.717990732.793473220","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]]}}}