{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:49:36Z","timestamp":1789778976219,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,11]],"date-time":"2013-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373500800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,11]],"date-time":"2013-07-11T16:51:37Z","timestamp":1373561497000},"page":"e1003482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":250,"title":["Trichomonas vaginalis Exosomes Deliver Cargo to Host Cells and Mediate Host\u2236Parasite Interactions"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Olivia","family":"Twu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"de Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gila","family":"Lustig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant C.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay A.","family":"Vashisht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Wohlschlegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Rowley RTaN, F (2012) Global incidence and prevalence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections-2008. In: Organization WH, editor: World Health Organization. pp. 1\u201320."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.005124","article-title":"Trichomoniasis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management","volume":"80","author":"H Swygard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1086\/511278","article-title":"Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition","volume":"195","author":"RS McClelland","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp306","article-title":"Prospective study of Trichomonas vaginalis infection and prostate cancer incidence and mortality: Physicians&apos; Health Study","volume":"101","author":"JR Stark","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/23.4.682","article-title":"Is Trichomonas vaginalis a cause of cervical neoplasia? Results from a combined analysis of 24 studies","volume":"23","author":"ZF Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-391429-3.00006-X","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis pathobiology new insights from the genome sequence","volume":"77","author":"RP Hirt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1042\/bse0510161","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis: current understanding of host-parasite interactions","volume":"51","author":"CM Ryan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Essays Biochem"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1086\/515366","article-title":"Cysteine proteases of Trichomonas vaginalis degrade secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor","volume":"178","author":"D Draper","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.4.231","article-title":"Trichomonad invasion of the mucous layer requires adhesins, mucinases, and motility","volume":"75","author":"MW Lehker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23853","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501752200","article-title":"Identification of Trichomonas vaginalis cysteine proteases that induce apoptosis in human vaginal epithelial cells","volume":"280","author":"U Sommer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.4.11.1951-1958.2005","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis lipophosphoglycan mutants have reduced adherence and cytotoxicity to human ectocervical cells","volume":"4","author":"FD Bastida-Corcuera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5773","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00631-06","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis lipophosphoglycan triggers a selective upregulation of cytokines by human female reproductive tract epithelial cells","volume":"74","author":"RN Fichorova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40494","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.280578","article-title":"Chemical structure of Trichomonas vaginalis surface lipoglycan: a role for short galactose (beta1-4\/3) N-acetylglucosamine repeats in host cell interaction","volume":"286","author":"CM Ryan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01190.x","article-title":"Galectin-1 on cervical epithelial cells is a receptor for the sexually transmitted human parasite Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"10","author":"CY Okumura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M000022-MCP201","article-title":"Proteome analysis of the surface of Trichomonas vaginalis reveals novel proteins and strain-dependent differential expression","volume":"9","author":"N de Miguel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12003","article-title":"Reversible association of tetraspanin with Trichomonas vaginalis flagella upon adherence to host cells","volume":"14","author":"N de Miguel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.19.111301.153609","article-title":"Tetraspanin proteins mediate cellular penetration, invasion, and fusion events and define a novel type of membrane microdomain","volume":"19","author":"ME Hemler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2008.00734.x","article-title":"Exosome function: from tumor immunology to pathogen biology","volume":"9","author":"JS Schorey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20121","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.32.20121","article-title":"Selective enrichment of tetraspan proteins on the internal vesicles of multivesicular endosomes and on exosomes secreted by human B-lymphocytes","volume":"273","author":"JM Escola","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0390559","article-title":"Exosome target cell selection and the importance of exosomal tetraspanins: a hypothesis","volume":"39","author":"S Rana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.147.3.599","article-title":"Molecular characterization of dendritic cell-derived exosomes. Selective accumulation of the heat shock protein hsc73","volume":"147","author":"C Thery","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01537.x","article-title":"Exosomes and other microvesicles in infection biology: organelles with unanticipated phenotypes","volume":"13","author":"JM Silverman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.12.037","article-title":"The multifaceted exosome: biogenesis, role in normal and aberrant cellular function, and frontiers for pharmacological and biomarker opportunities","volume":"83","author":"S Pant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2011.01225.x","article-title":"Exosome secretion: molecular mechanisms and roles in immune responses","volume":"12","author":"A Bobrie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2567","article-title":"Membrane vesicles as conveyors of immune responses","volume":"9","author":"C Thery","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1596","article-title":"Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells","volume":"9","author":"H Valadi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2010.06.006","article-title":"Exosomes: extracellular organelles important in intercellular communication","volume":"73","author":"S Mathivanan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Proteomics"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000740","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000740","article-title":"HIV and mature dendritic cells: Trojan exosomes riding the Trojan horse?","volume":"6","author":"N Izquierdo-Useros","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"26","article-title":"Leishmania exosomes deliver preemptive strikes to create an environment permissive for early infection","volume":"1","author":"JM Silverman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200511072","article-title":"The V0-ATPase mediates apical secretion of exosomes containing Hedgehog-related proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"173","author":"S Liegeois","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4137\/LPI.S1000","article-title":"Vesicular Trans-Cell Wall Transport in Fungi: A Mechanism for the Delivery of Virulence-Associated Macromolecules?","volume":"2","author":"ML Rodrigues","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lipid Insights"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.3.1161","article-title":"B lymphocytes secrete antigen-presenting vesicles","volume":"183","author":"G Raposo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2006.09.005","article-title":"Exosomes: from biogenesis and secretion to biological function","volume":"107","author":"S Keller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M000063-MCP201","article-title":"Proteomics analysis of bladder cancer exosomes","volume":"9","author":"JL Welton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6807-5-11","article-title":"Structural organization and interactions of transmembrane domains in tetraspanin proteins","volume":"5","author":"OV Kovalenko","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Structural Biology"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.10.036","article-title":"Quantitative proteomics analysis of the secretory pathway","volume":"127","author":"A Gilchrist","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.056465","article-title":"An exosome-based secretion pathway is responsible for protein export from Leishmania and communication with macrophages","volume":"123","author":"JM Silverman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4997","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200900351","article-title":"ExoCarta: A compendium of exosomal proteins and RNA","volume":"9","author":"S Mathivanan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5011","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000541","article-title":"Leishmania exosomes modulate innate and adaptive immune responses through effects on monocytes and dendritic cells","volume":"185","author":"JM Silverman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1132894","article-title":"Draft genome sequence of the sexually transmitted pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"315","author":"JM Carlton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2006.02.022","article-title":"Dramatic reorganisation of Trichomonas endomembranes during amoebal transformation: a possible role for G-proteins","volume":"148","author":"K Lal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30287","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030287","article-title":"A novel extracellular metallopeptidase domain shared by animal host-associated mutualistic and pathogenic microbes","volume":"7","author":"S Nakjang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-99","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis vast BspA-like gene family: evidence for functional diversity from structural organisation and transcriptomics","volume":"11","author":"CJ Noel","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20370","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014194107","article-title":"Human tumor virus utilizes exosomes for intercellular communication","volume":"107","author":"DG Meckes Jr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2009.03.007","article-title":"Exosomes\u2013vesicular carriers for intercellular communication","volume":"21","author":"M Simons","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod57.4.847","article-title":"Generation of papillomavirus-immortalized cell lines from normal human ectocervical, endocervical, and vaginal epithelium that maintain expression of tissue-specific differentiation proteins","volume":"57","author":"RN Fichorova","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2005.05.010","article-title":"Characterization of exosome subpopulations from RBL-2H3 cells using fluorescent lipids","volume":"35","author":"K Laulagnier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.62.081307.162826","article-title":"Mitochondrion-related organelles in eukaryotic protists","volume":"64","author":"AM Shiflett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth932","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro protein solubility assays using split GFP","volume":"3","author":"S Cabantous","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S351","DOI":"10.1086\/655964","article-title":"Innate molecular and anatomic mucosal barriers against HIV infection in the genital tract of HIV-exposed seronegative individuals","volume":"202 Suppl 3","author":"K Broliden","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod60.2.508","article-title":"Differential expression of immunobiological mediators by immortalized human cervical and vaginal epithelial cells","volume":"60","author":"RN Fichorova","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.01.005","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immunity at mucosal surfaces of the female reproductive tract: stratification and integration of immune protection against the transmission of sexually transmitted infections","volume":"88","author":"DK Hickey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0410230","article-title":"Genital epithelial cells: foot soldiers or fashion leaders?","volume":"88","author":"R Kaul","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S466","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000186783.34908.18","article-title":"Interleukin-8","volume":"33","author":"DG Remick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01244-12","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis Contact-Dependent Cytolysis of Epithelial Cells","volume":"81","author":"G Lustig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201000422","article-title":"Advances in membranous vesicle and exosome proteomics improving biological understanding and biomarker discovery","volume":"11","author":"F Raimondo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2011.10.001","article-title":"The Trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosome proteome is highly reduced relative to mitochondria, yet complex compared with mitosomes","volume":"41","author":"RE Schneider","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4336","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-03-0871","article-title":"Lipid raft-associated protein sorting in exosomes","volume":"102","author":"A de Gassart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2000","article-title":"Rab27a and Rab27b control different steps of the exosome secretion pathway","volume":"12","author":"M Ostrowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-10-117","article-title":"Microvesicles secreted by macrophages shuttle invasion-potentiating microRNAs into breast cancer cells","volume":"10","author":"M Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3792","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-4455","article-title":"Exosomes released by melanoma cells prepare sentinel lymph nodes for tumor metastasis","volume":"71","author":"JL Hood","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-05-158642","article-title":"Capture and transfer of HIV-1 particles by mature dendritic cells converges with the exosome-dissemination pathway","volume":"113","author":"N Izquierdo-Useros","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1285","article-title":"Unidirectional transfer of microRNA-loaded exosomes from T cells to antigen-presenting cells","volume":"2","author":"M Mittelbrunn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.091208.073413","article-title":"Biological functions and biogenesis of secreted bacterial outer membrane vesicles","volume":"64","author":"A Kulp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1299905","article-title":"Bacterial outer membrane vesicles and the host-pathogen interaction","volume":"19","author":"MJ Kuehn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.6.1638","article-title":"Monocyte-derived interleukin-8 involved in the recruitment of neutrophils induced by Trichomonas vaginalis infection","volume":"170","author":"MF Shaio","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1917","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and chronic inflammation","volume":"8 Suppl 2","author":"C Gabay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119488","article-title":"Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is an acute-phase protein","volume":"99","author":"C Gabay","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.08.007","article-title":"Impact of T. vaginalis infection on innate immune responses and reproductive outcome","volume":"83","author":"RN Fichorova","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48418","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048418","article-title":"Endobiont viruses sensed by the human host - beyond conventional antiparasitic therapy","volume":"7","author":"RN Fichorova","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4083","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200800109","article-title":"Proteomic profiling of exosomes: current perspectives","volume":"8","author":"RJ Simpson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1086\/342060","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis polymerase chain reaction compared with standard diagnostic and therapeutic protocols for detection and treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis","volume":"35","author":"KA Wendel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S160","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir705","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis genital infections: progress and challenges","volume":"53 Suppl 3","author":"LH Bachmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-9-86","article-title":"Body fluid derived exosomes as a novel template for clinical diagnostics","volume":"9","author":"S Keller","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref75","article-title":"In-depth proteomic analyses of exosomes isolated from expressed prostatic secretions in urine","author":"S Principe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6150-2-35","article-title":"Exosomal transfer of proteins and RNAs at synapses in the nervous system","volume":"2","author":"NR Smalheiser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Direct"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.278","article-title":"Exosomes\/microvesicles as a mechanism of cell-to-cell communication","volume":"78","author":"G Camussi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.3.329-341.2002","article-title":"Methods for cultivation of luminal parasitic protists of clinical importance","volume":"15","author":"CG Clark","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02631333","article-title":"Establishment and characterization of an immortalized but non-transformed human prostate epithelial cell line: BPH-1","volume":"31","author":"SW Hayward","year":"1995","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-09-0121","article-title":"Polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste 2 is an oncogene that promotes the neoplastic transformation of a benign prostatic epithelial cell line","volume":"7","author":"BD Karanikolas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4716","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.9.4716","article-title":"Transient and selectable transformation of the parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"94","author":"MG Delgadillo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["PLoS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003482","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T18:19:11Z","timestamp":1588961951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003482"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"William A.","family":"Petri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,11]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003482","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718030808.793480833","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718030808.793514029","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,11]]}}}