{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:52:51Z","timestamp":1779346371593,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]],"date-time":"2013-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377129600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]],"date-time":"2013-08-22T21:22:52Z","timestamp":1377206572000},"page":"e1003577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["TRIM5 alpha Drives SIVsmm Evolution in Rhesus Macaques"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Fan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Kirmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Goeken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilnour","family":"Ourmanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenta","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Buckler-White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Tomioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Plishka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonya","family":"Whitted","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Welkin","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa M.","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5453.607","article-title":"AIDS as a zoonosis: scientific and public health implications","volume":"287","author":"BH Hahn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a006841","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006841","article-title":"Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic","volume":"1","author":"PM Sharp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/17130","article-title":"Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes","volume":"397","author":"F Gao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/339389a0","article-title":"An African primate lentivirus (SIVsm) closely related to HIV-2","volume":"339","author":"VM Hirsch","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/358495a0","article-title":"Human infection by genetically diverse SIVSM-related HIV-2 in west Africa","volume":"358","author":"F Gao","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3617","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.70.6.3617-3627.1996","article-title":"Genetic characterization of new West African simian immunodeficiency virus SIVsm: geographic clustering of household-derived SIV strains with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtypes and genetically diverse viruses from a single feral sooty mangabey troop","volume":"70","author":"Z Chen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8454","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.68.12.8454-8460.1994","article-title":"Infection of a yellow baboon with simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys: evidence for cross-species transmission in the wild","volume":"68","author":"MJ Jin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-79-7-1809","article-title":"Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) from eastern and southern Africa: detection of a SIVagm variant from a chacma baboon","volume":"79","author":"EJ van Rensburg","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1080657","article-title":"Hybrid origin of SIV in chimpanzees","volume":"300","author":"E Bailes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a006940","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006940","article-title":"HIV Restriction Factors and Mechanisms of Evasion","volume":"2","author":"MH Malim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02343","article-title":"The cytoplasmic body component TRIM5alpha restricts HIV-1 infection in Old World monkeys","volume":"427","author":"M Stremlau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7332","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00516-06","article-title":"Isolation of an active Lv1 gene from cattle indicates that tripartite motif protein-mediated innate immunity to retroviral infection is widespread among mammals","volume":"80","author":"LM Ylinen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11140","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00269-08","article-title":"Identification of postentry restrictions to Mason-Pfizer monkey virus infection in New World monkey cells","volume":"82","author":"WE Diehl","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000003","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000003","article-title":"Evolution of a TRIM5-CypA splice isoform in old world monkeys","volume":"4","author":"RM Newman","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11713","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01468-07","article-title":"An active TRIM5 protein in rabbits indicates a common antiviral ancestor for mammalian TRIM5 proteins","volume":"81","author":"T Schaller","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02777","article-title":"Cyclophilin A retrotransposition into TRIM5 explains owl monkey resistance to HIV-1","volume":"430","author":"DM Sayah","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10780","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402474101","article-title":"The human and African green monkey TRIM5alpha genes encode Ref1 and Lv1 retroviral restriction factor activities","volume":"101","author":"Z Keckesova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409853102","article-title":"Positive selection of primate TRIM5alpha identifies a critical species-specific retroviral restriction domain","volume":"102","author":"SL Sawyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10774","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402361101","article-title":"Retrovirus resistance factors Ref1 and Lv1 are species-specific variants of TRIM5alpha","volume":"101","author":"T Hatziioannou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1248","article-title":"TRIM family proteins: retroviral restriction and antiviral defence","volume":"3","author":"S Nisole","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000304692.09143.1b","article-title":"A novel fusion gene, TRIM5-Cyclophilin A in the pig\u2013tailed macaque determines its susceptibility to HIV-1 infection","volume":"21 Suppl 8","author":"CH Liao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709511105","article-title":"TRIMCyp expression in Old World primates Macaca nemestrina and Macaca fascicularis","volume":"105","author":"G Brennan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13324","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404640101","article-title":"A Trim5-cyclophilin A fusion protein found in owl monkey kidney cells can restrict HIV-1","volume":"101","author":"S Nisole","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709258105","article-title":"Independent genesis of chimeric TRIM5-cyclophilin proteins in two primate species","volume":"105","author":"CA Virgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3557","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709003105","article-title":"Independent evolution of an antiviral TRIMCyp in rhesus macaques","volume":"105","author":"SJ Wilson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11827","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403364101","article-title":"TRIM5alpha mediates the postentry block to N-tropic murine leukemia viruses in human cells","volume":"101","author":"MJ Perron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6005","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.11.6005-6012.2004","article-title":"Species-specific tropism determinants in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid","volume":"78","author":"T Hatziioannou","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-2-40","article-title":"TRIM5alpha selectively binds a restriction-sensitive retroviral capsid","volume":"2","author":"S Sebastian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5514","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509996103","article-title":"Specific recognition and accelerated uncoating of retroviral capsids by the TRIM5alpha restriction factor","volume":"103","author":"M Stremlau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02318-06","article-title":"The human TRIM5alpha restriction factor mediates accelerated uncoating of the N-tropic murine leukemia virus capsid","volume":"81","author":"MJ Perron","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.03.013","article-title":"Saturation of TRIM5 alpha-mediated restriction of HIV-1 infection depends on the stability of the incoming viral capsid","volume":"350","author":"J Shi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9754","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01052-06","article-title":"Proteasome inhibition reveals that a functional preintegration complex intermediate can be generated during restriction by diverse TRIM5 proteins","volume":"80","author":"JL Anderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002009","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002009","article-title":"Rhesus TRIM5alpha disrupts the HIV-1 capsid at the inter-hexamer interfaces","volume":"7","author":"G Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09976","article-title":"TRIM5 is an innate immune sensor for the retrovirus capsid lattice","volume":"472","author":"T Pertel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.5.3139-3145.2005","article-title":"Species-specific variation in the B30.2(SPRY) domain of TRIM5alpha determines the potency of human immunodeficiency virus restriction","volume":"79","author":"M Stremlau","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26933","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M502145200","article-title":"The contribution of RING and B-box 2 domains to retroviral restriction mediated by monkey TRIM5alpha","volume":"280","author":"H Javanbakht","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8870","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.14.8870-8877.2005","article-title":"A specific region of 37 amino acid residues in the SPRY (B30.2) domain of African green monkey TRIM5alpha determines species-specific restriction of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac infection","volume":"79","author":"EE Nakayama","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8969","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.14.8969-8978.2005","article-title":"Human tripartite motif 5alpha domains responsible for retrovirus restriction activity and specificity","volume":"79","author":"D Perez-Caballero","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.12.042","article-title":"A single amino acid change in the SPRY domain of human Trim5alpha leads to HIV-1 restriction","volume":"15","author":"MW Yap","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6111","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.10.6111-6121.2005","article-title":"The B30.2(SPRY) domain of the retroviral restriction factor TRIM5alpha exhibits lineage-specific length and sequence variation in primates","volume":"79","author":"B Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2005.06.045","article-title":"Adaptive evolution of primate TRIM5alpha, a gene restricting HIV-1 infection","volume":"362","author":"HL Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-009-0358-y","article-title":"Molecular evolution of the antiretroviral TRIM5 gene","volume":"61","author":"WE Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.11.045","article-title":"High-frequency persistence of an impaired allele of the retroviral defense gene TRIM5alpha in humans","volume":"16","author":"SL Sawyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.06.031","article-title":"Effects of human TRIM5alpha polymorphisms on antiretroviral function and susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"354","author":"H Javanbakht","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.5.2463-2471.2006","article-title":"Genetic association of the antiviral restriction factor TRIM5alpha with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection","volume":"80","author":"EC Speelmon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-3-54","article-title":"Role of common human TRIM5alpha variants in HIV-1 disease progression","volume":"3","author":"V Goldschmidt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19134","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605838103","article-title":"Balancing selection and the evolution of functional polymorphism in Old World monkey TRIM5alpha","volume":"103","author":"RM Newman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7243","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00307-08","article-title":"Rhesus macaque TRIM5 alleles have divergent antiretroviral specificities","volume":"82","author":"SJ Wilson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000462","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000462","article-title":"TRIM5 suppresses cross-species transmission of a primate immunodeficiency virus and selects for emergence of resistant variants in the new species","volume":"8","author":"A Kirmaier","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000738","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000738","article-title":"TRIM5alpha Modulates Immunodeficiency Virus Control in Rhesus Monkeys","volume":"6","author":"SY Lim","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.71.2.1608-1620.1997","article-title":"A molecularly cloned, pathogenic, neutralization-resistant simian immunodeficiency virus, SIVsmE543-3","volume":"71","author":"V Hirsch","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9388","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.20.9388-9395.2000","article-title":"Intrinsic susceptibility of rhesus macaque peripheral CD4(+) T cells to simian immunodeficiency virus in vitro is predictive of in vivo viral replication","volume":"74","author":"S Goldstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-75-3-529","article-title":"Molecular and biological characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus macaque strain 32H proviral clones containing nef size variants","volume":"75","author":"EW Rud","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8835","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00923-12","article-title":"Sequential evolution and escape from neutralization of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVsmE660 clones in rhesus macaques","volume":"86","author":"F Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5085","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.16.5085","article-title":"Transmission of naturally occurring lymphoma in macaque monkeys","volume":"80","author":"RD Hunt","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90047-S","article-title":"SIV from stump-tailed macaques: molecular characterization of a highly transmissible primate lentivirus","volume":"186","author":"FJ Novembre","year":"1992","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7061","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.65.12.7061-7065.1991","article-title":"A highly divergent simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVstm) recovered from stored stump-tailed macaque tissues","volume":"65","author":"AS Khan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1989.tb00233.x","article-title":"Rhesus macaques inoculated with molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus","volume":"18","author":"ML Marthas","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Med Primatol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2160735","article-title":"Induction of AIDS in rhesus monkeys by molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus","volume":"248","author":"H Kestler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/328543a0","article-title":"Sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from macaque and its relationship to other human and simian retroviruses","volume":"328","author":"L Chakrabarti","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1038\/345636a0","article-title":"Sequence analysis and acute pathogenicity of molecularly cloned SIVSMM-PBj14","volume":"345","author":"S Dewhurst","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.60.2.483-490.1986","article-title":"Isolation of a lentivirus from a macaque with lymphoma: comparison with HTLV-III\/LAV and other lentiviruses","volume":"60","author":"RE Benveniste","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.1.245-256.1998","article-title":"A lymph node-derived cytopathic simian immunodeficiency virus Mne variant replicates in nonstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"72","author":"JT Kimata","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7629","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.71.10.7629-7639.1997","article-title":"The cytopathicity of a simian immunodeficiency virus Mne variant is determined by mutations in Gag and Env","volume":"71","author":"JT Kimata","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1702(94)90041-8","article-title":"Pathogenic diversity of simian immunodeficiency viruses","volume":"32","author":"VM Hirsch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8991","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.14.8991-9005.2005","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVsm in U.S. primate centers unravels the origin of SIVmac and SIVstm","volume":"79","author":"C Apetrei","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-3589(00)49034-4","article-title":"Simian immunodeficiency virus infection of monkeys as a model system for the study of AIDS pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention","volume":"49","author":"VM Hirsch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adv Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.71.2.1608-1620.1997","article-title":"A molecularly cloned, pathogenic, neutralization-resistant simian immunodeficiency virus, SIVsmE543-3","volume":"71","author":"V Hirsch","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3159089","article-title":"Isolation of T-cell tropic HTLV-III-like retrovirus from macaques","volume":"228","author":"MD Daniel","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.11.010","article-title":"The host restriction factor APOBEC3G and retroviral Vif protein coevolve due to ongoing genetic conflict","volume":"11","author":"AA Compton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003135","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003135","article-title":"Convergence and divergence in the evolution of the APOBEC3G-Vif interaction reveal ancient origins of simian immunodeficiency viruses","volume":"9","author":"AA Compton","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.06.004","article-title":"Immune evasion and counteraction of restriction factors by HIV-1 and other primate lentiviruses","volume":"8","author":"F Kirchhoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.07.008","article-title":"Reacquisition of Nef-mediated tetherin antagonism in a single in vivo passage of HIV-1 through its original chimpanzee host","volume":"12","author":"N Gotz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref74","unstructured":"Kuiken C, Foley B, Leitner T, Apetrei C, Hahn B, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2012) HIV Sequence Compendium 2012. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos, New Mexico."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0040018","article-title":"The effect of Trim5 polymorphisms on the clinical course of HIV-1 infection","volume":"4","author":"D van Manen","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5472.1789","article-title":"Timing the ancestor of the HIV-1 pandemic strains","volume":"288","author":"B Korber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11846","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05201-11","article-title":"Gag cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape mutations can increase sensitivity of HIV-1 to human TRIM5alpha, linking intrinsic and acquired immunity","volume":"85","author":"E Battivelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9637","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05074-11","article-title":"The TRIM5{alpha} genotype of rhesus macaques affects acquisition of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVsmE660 infection after repeated limiting-dose intrarectal challenge","volume":"85","author":"MR Reynolds","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10389","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00854-11","article-title":"The TRIM5 gene modulates penile mucosal acquisition of simian immunodeficiency virus in rhesus monkeys","volume":"85","author":"WW Yeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref80","first-page":"493","article-title":"A simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoints","volume":"27","author":"LJ Reed","year":"1938","journal-title":"The American Journal of Hygiene"}],"container-title":["PLoS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003577","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,2]],"date-time":"2020-08-02T11:23:42Z","timestamp":1596367422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003577"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Lifson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003577","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]]}}}