{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:42:57Z","timestamp":1792798977015,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,5]],"date-time":"2013-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378339200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,5]],"date-time":"2013-09-05T21:25:56Z","timestamp":1378416356000},"page":"e1003625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["Calcineurin Plays Key Roles in the Dimorphic Transition and Virulence of the Human Pathogenic Zygomycete Mucor circinelloides"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Soo Chan","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Calo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Heitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-006-0107-1","article-title":"Zygomycosis: the re-emerging fungal infection","volume":"25","author":"M Chayakulkeeree","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim AS, Spellberg B (2006) Zygomycetes as agents of infectious disease in humans. In: Heitman J, Filler SG, Edwards Jr. JE, Mitchell AP, editors. Molecular Principles of Fungal Pathogenesis. Washington, DC: ASM Press. pp. 429\u2013440.","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555815776.ch29"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1204781","article-title":"Necrotizing cutaneous mucormycosis after a tornado in Joplin, Missouri, in 2011","volume":"367","author":"R Neblett Fanfair","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1086\/432579","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: a review of 929 reported cases","volume":"41","author":"MM Roden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.3.556-569.2005","article-title":"Novel perspectives on mucormycosis: pathophysiology, presentation, and management","volume":"18","author":"B Spellberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1086\/428780","article-title":"Zygomycosis in a tertiary-care cancer center in the era of <italic>Aspergillus<\/italic>-active antifungal therapy: A case-control observational study of 27 recent cases","volume":"191","author":"DP Kontoyiannis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1086\/339202","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcome of mould infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients","volume":"34","author":"KA Marr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.2.236-301.2000","article-title":"Zygomycetes in human disease","volume":"13","author":"JA Ribes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2006.06.003","article-title":"Invasive zygomycosis: update on pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management","volume":"20","author":"DP Kontoyiannis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis195","article-title":"Mucormycosis in organ and stem cell transplant recipients","volume":"54","author":"F Lanternier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennet JE (1992) Mucormycosis. Med Mycol. Philadelphia: Lea &amp; Febiger. pp. 524\u2013559."},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"234","article-title":"<italic>Mucor<\/italic> dimorphism","volume":"55","author":"M Orlowski","year":"1991","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.27.3.293-304.1963","article-title":"Symposium on biochemical bases of morphogenesis in fungi. III. Mold-yeast dimorphism of <italic>Mucor<\/italic>","volume":"27","author":"S Bartnicki-Garcia","year":"1963","journal-title":"Bacteriol Rev"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Pasteur L (1876) Etudes sur la Biere. Paris, France: Gauthier-Villars."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.84.4.829-840.1962","article-title":"Induction of yeast-like development in <italic>Mucor<\/italic> by carbon dioxide","volume":"84","author":"S Bartnicki-Garcia","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3002(62)90314-1","article-title":"Assimilation of carbon dioxide and morphogenesis <italic>Mucor rouxii<\/italic>","volume":"5","author":"S Bartnicki-Garcia","year":"1962","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.84.4.841-858.1962","article-title":"Nutrition, growth, and morphogenesis of <italic>Mucor rouxii<\/italic>","volume":"84","author":"S Bartnicki-Garcia","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-82-1-15","article-title":"Effect of potassium cyanide, glucose and anaerobiosis on morphogenesis of <italic>Mucor rouxii<\/italic>","volume":"82","author":"M Friedenthal","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.107.1.114-120.1971","article-title":"Fatty acid and sterol composition of <italic>Mucor genevensis<\/italic> in relation to dimorphism and anaerobic growth","volume":"107","author":"PA Gordon","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-82-1-1","article-title":"Factors affecting dimorphism in Mycotypha (Mucorales): a correlation with the fermentation\/respiration equilibrium","volume":"82","author":"BE Schulz","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.115.3.1198-1204.1973","article-title":"Effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetate and chloramphenicol on mitochondrial activity and morphogenesis in <italic>Mucor rouxii<\/italic>","volume":"115","author":"J Zorzopulos","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.116.2.972-980.1973","article-title":"Relationship between dimorphology and respiration in <italic>Mucor genevensis<\/italic> studied with chloramphenicol","volume":"116","author":"GD Clark-Walker","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.152.2.880-887.1982","article-title":"Lipid synthesis during morphogenesis of <italic>Mucor racemosus<\/italic>","volume":"152","author":"ET Ito","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.142.1.196-201.1980","article-title":"S-adenosylmethionine levels and protein methylation during morphogenesis of <italic>Mucor racemosus<\/italic>","volume":"142","author":"JR Garcia","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"203","article-title":"Identification and analysis of genes involved in the control of dimorphism in <italic>Mucor circinelloides<\/italic> (syn. <italic>racemosus<\/italic>)","volume":"2","author":"AM Wolff","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26708-0","article-title":"Protein kinase A is involved in the control of morphology and branching during aerobic growth of <italic>Mucor circinelloides<\/italic>","volume":"150","author":"T Lubbehusen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00017-12","article-title":"Protein kinase A regulatory subunit isoforms regulate growth and differentiation in <italic>Mucor circinelloides<\/italic>: essential role of PKAR4","volume":"11","author":"J Ocampo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00026-09","article-title":"A subunit of protein kinase A regulates growth and differentiation in the fungus <italic>Mucor circinelloides<\/italic>","volume":"8","author":"J Ocampo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.2000.1948","article-title":"Mechanism of activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase: in <italic>Mucor rouxii<\/italic> the apparent specific activity of the cAMP-activated holoenzyme is different than that of its free catalytic subunit","volume":"381","author":"V Zaremberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14571.x","article-title":"Two different intrachain cAMP sites in the cAMP-dependent protein kinase of the dimorphic fungus <italic>Mucor rouxii<\/italic>","volume":"179","author":"C Paveto","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-006-0184-0","article-title":"<italic>Mucor rouxii<\/italic> ultrastructure: cyclic AMP and actin cytoskeleton","volume":"228","author":"E Pereyra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-006-9113-7","article-title":"<italic>Mucor rouxii<\/italic> Rho1 protein; characterization and possible role in polarized growth","volume":"91","author":"S Argimon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-003-0008-4","article-title":"RGD-containing peptides and cyclic AMP have antagonistic roles in the morphology of <italic>Mucor rouxii<\/italic>","volume":"222","author":"E Pereyra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-8-1949","article-title":"Threshold level of protein kinase A activity and polarized growth in <italic>Mucor rouxii<\/italic>","volume":"146","author":"E Pereyra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18891.x","article-title":"Regulation of protein kinase A subunits during germination of <italic>Mucor rouxii<\/italic> sporangiospores","volume":"222","author":"S Rossi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-5975(92)90015-J","article-title":"Effect of dibutyryl-cAMP on growth and morphology of germinating <italic>Mucor rouxii<\/italic> sporangiospores","volume":"16","author":"E Pereyra","year":"1992","journal-title":"Exp Mycol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1006\/fgbi.1999.1177","article-title":"Evidence that MRas1 and MRas3 proteins are associated with distinct cellular functions during growth and morphogenesis in the fungus <italic>Mucor racemosus<\/italic>","volume":"28","author":"LV Roze","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fungal Genet Biol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811994106","article-title":"Trimorphic stepping stones pave the way to fungal virulence","volume":"106","author":"RJ Bastidas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80358-X","article-title":"Nonfilamentous <italic>C. albicans<\/italic> mutants are avirulent","volume":"90","author":"H-J Lo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.2.5.1053-1060.2003","article-title":"Engineered control of cell morphology in vivo reveals distinct roles for yeast and filamentous forms of <italic>Candida albicans<\/italic> during infection","volume":"2","author":"SP Saville","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2007.04.002","article-title":"Dimorphism and virulence in fungi","volume":"10","author":"BS Klein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.01.013","article-title":"<italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic>: morphogenesis, infection, and evolution","volume":"9","author":"X Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600195","article-title":"Hgc1, a novel hypha-specific G1 cyclin-related protein regulates <italic>Candida albicans<\/italic> hyphal morphogenesis","volume":"23","author":"X Zheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/155.1.57","article-title":"<italic>TUP1<\/italic>, <italic>CPH1<\/italic> and <italic>EFG1<\/italic> make independent contributions to filamentation in <italic>Candida albicans<\/italic>","volume":"155","author":"BR Braun","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4345","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00542-09","article-title":"Spores as infectious propagules of <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic>","volume":"77","author":"R Velagapudi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2010.05.003","article-title":"Dueling in the lung: how <italic>Cryptococcus<\/italic> spores race the host for survival","volume":"13","author":"MR Botts","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00334-09","article-title":"Elucidating the pathogenesis of spores from the human fungal pathogen <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic>","volume":"77","author":"SS Giles","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002936","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002936","article-title":"DNA mutations mediate microevolution between host-adapted forms of the pathogenic fungus <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic>","volume":"8","author":"DA Magditch","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00242-12","article-title":"Pseudohyphal growth of <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic> is a reversible dimorphic transition in response to ammonium and requires the Amt1\/2 ammonium permeases","volume":"11","author":"SC Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2008.01173.x","article-title":"Dimorphism in fungal plant pathogens","volume":"284","author":"M Nadal","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Letters"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90124-H","article-title":"Calcineurin is a common target of cyclophilin-cyclosporin A and FKBP-FK506 complexes","volume":"66","author":"J Liu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90253-4","article-title":"The latch region of calcineurin B is involved in both immunosuppressant-immunophilin complex docking and phosphatase activation","volume":"79","author":"D Milan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002086","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002086","article-title":"Sporangiospore size dimorphism is linked to virulence of <italic>Mucor circinelloides<\/italic>","volume":"7","author":"CH Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01273.x","article-title":"Signalling pathways in the pathogenesis of <italic>Cryptococcus<\/italic>","volume":"11","author":"L Kozubowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cellular Microbiology"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-010-0027-5","article-title":"On the roles of calcineurin in fungal growth and pathogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Y-L Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Fungal Infect Rep"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.10.2576","article-title":"Calcineurin is required for virulence of <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic>","volume":"16","author":"A Odom","year":"1997","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00310-10","article-title":"Calcineurin controls drug tolerance, hyphal growth, and virulence in <italic>Candida dubliniensis<\/italic>","volume":"10","author":"Y-L Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44192","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044192","article-title":"Calcineurin is required for pseudohyphal growth, virulence, and drug resistance in <italic>Candida lusitaniae<\/italic>","volume":"7","author":"J Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.112.002279","article-title":"Convergent evolution of calcineurin pathway roles in thermotolerance and virulence in <italic>Candida glabrata<\/italic>","volume":"2","author":"Y-L Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2009.09.002","article-title":"Elucidating the <italic>Candida albicans<\/italic> calcineurin signaling cascade controlling stress response and virulence","volume":"47","author":"JL Reedy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fungal Genet Biol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00110-08","article-title":"Evidence for the role of calcineurin in morphogenesis and calcium homeostasis during mycelium-to-yeast dimorphism of <italic>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis<\/italic>","volume":"7","author":"CBL Campos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00139-06","article-title":"Calcineurin controls growth, morphology, and pathogenicity in <italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/italic>","volume":"5","author":"WJ Steinbach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07277.x","article-title":"Targets of immunophilin-immunosuppressant complexes are distinct highly conserved regions of calcineurin A","volume":"14","author":"ME Cardenas","year":"1995","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1038\/341755a0","article-title":"A cytosolic binding protein for the immunosuppressant FK506 has peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity but is distinct from cyclophilin","volume":"341","author":"JJ Siekierka","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.05284-11","article-title":"Rapamycin exerts antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo against <italic>Mucor circinelloides<\/italic> via FKBP12-dependent inhibition of Tor","volume":"11","author":"RJ Bastidas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02295.x","article-title":"Calcineurin regulatory subunit is essential for virulence and mediates interactions with FKBP12\u2013FK506 in <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic>","volume":"39","author":"DS Fox","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2006.09.003","article-title":"CO<sub>2<\/sub> sensing in fungi and beyond","volume":"9","author":"Y-S Bahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(83)99034-1","article-title":"Assays of protein kinase","volume":"99","author":"R Roskoski","year":"1983","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/360682a0","article-title":"Calcineurin mediates inhibition by FK506 and cyclosporin of recovery from \u03b1-factor arrest in yeast","volume":"360","author":"F Poor","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/21.4.546","article-title":"Calcineurin is essential for survival during membrane stress in <italic>Candida albicans<\/italic>","volume":"21","author":"MC Cruz","year":"2002","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s004380050551","article-title":"Impairment of calcineurin function in <italic>Neurospora crassa<\/italic> reveals its essential role in hyphal growth, morphology and maintenance of the apical Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> gradient","volume":"256","author":"H Prokisch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Gen Genet"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165rv113","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404","article-title":"Hidden killers: human fungal infections","volume":"4","author":"GD Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1086\/605445","article-title":"Zygomycosis in solid organ transplant recipients: a prospective, matched case-control study to assess risks for disease and outcome","volume":"200","author":"N Singh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00045-10","article-title":"Regulatory circuitry governing fungal development, drug resistance, and disease","volume":"75","author":"RS Shapiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr297","article-title":"In vitro interaction of caspofungin and immunosuppressives against agents of mucormycosis","volume":"66","author":"M Thakur","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq020","article-title":"In vitro interaction of posaconazole with calcineurin inhibitors and sirolimus against zygomycetes","volume":"65","author":"S Narreddy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00184-09","article-title":"In vitro interactions between antifungals and immunosuppressive drugs against zygomycetes","volume":"53","author":"E Dannaoui","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antibicrob Agents and Chemother"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis767","article-title":"Tacrolimus enhances the potency of posaconazole against <italic>Rhizopus oryzae<\/italic> in vitro and in an experimental models of mucormycosis","volume":"207","author":"RE Lewis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00699-2","article-title":"NFAT signaling: choreographing the social lives of cells","volume":"109","author":"GR Crabtree","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41761","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041761","article-title":"The Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>\/calcineurin-dependent signaling pathway in the gray mold <italic>Botrytis cinerea<\/italic>: the role of calcipressin in modulating calcineurin activity","volume":"7","author":"K Harren","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000953","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000953","article-title":"Cryptococcal cell morphology affects host cell interactions and pathogenicity","volume":"6","author":"LH Okagaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000945","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000945","article-title":"Fungal cell gigantism during mammalian infection","volume":"6","author":"O Zaragoza","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.020","article-title":"Virulence mechanisms of <italic>Coccidioides<\/italic>","volume":"1111","author":"C-Y Hung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442634","article-title":"Morphogenesis throughout saprobic and parasitic cycles of <italic>Coccidioides immitis<\/italic>","volume":"78","author":"M Huppert","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81573-1","article-title":"A calcineurin-dependent transcriptional pathway for cardiac hypertrophy","volume":"93","author":"JD Molkentin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80897-1","article-title":"Restricted and regulated overexpression reveals calcineurin as a key component in the transition from short-term to long-term memory","volume":"92","author":"IM Mansuy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.4.12.1225","article-title":"Calcineurin is associated with the cytoskeleton of cultured neurons and has a role in the acquisition of polarity","volume":"4","author":"A Ferreira","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-22-10-1293","article-title":"Calcineurin is an antagonist to PKA protein phosphorylation required for postmating filamentation and virulence, while PP2A is required for viability in <italic>Ustilago maydis<\/italic>","volume":"22","author":"JD Egan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Plant Microbe Interact"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.3.5.1147-1153.2004","article-title":"Integration of stress responses: modulation of calcineurin signaling in <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/italic> by protein kinase A","volume":"3","author":"KA Kafadar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"ref90","unstructured":"Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press."},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150390235520","article-title":"A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood","volume":"52","author":"S Guindon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-460","article-title":"Dendroscope: An interactive viewer for large phylogenetic trees","volume":"8","author":"DH Huson","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-8-2607","article-title":"A PCR-based strategy to generate integrative targeting alleles with large regions of homology","volume":"148","author":"RC Davidson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2011.01.002","article-title":"High reliability transformation of the basal fungus <italic>Mucor circinelloides<\/italic> by electroporation","volume":"84","author":"A Gutierrez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2006.09.003","article-title":"Mutants defective in a <italic>Mucor circinelloides<\/italic> dicer-like gene are not compromised in siRNA silencing but display developmental defects","volume":"44","author":"FE Nicolas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fungal Genet Biol"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI42164","article-title":"The endothelial cell receptor GRP78 is required for mucormycosis pathogenesis in diabetic mice","volume":"120","author":"M Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"}],"container-title":["PLoS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003625","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T16:36:09Z","timestamp":1646498169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003625"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alex","family":"Andrianopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,5]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003625","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,5]]}}}