{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:57:17Z","timestamp":1789181837828,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]],"date-time":"2014-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]],"date-time":"2014-09-18T14:29:04Z","timestamp":1411050544000},"page":"e1004396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["MHC Class II Restricted Innate-Like Double Negative T Cells Contribute to Optimal Primary and Secondary Immunity to Leishmania major"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Zhirong","family":"Mou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ifeoma","family":"Okwor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanami","family":"Orihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jude Ezeh","family":"Uzonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70209-8","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"7","author":"R Reithinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/nri933","article-title":"The immunology of susceptibility and resistance to Leishmania major in mice","volume":"2","author":"D Sacks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1159194","article-title":"In vivo imaging reveals an essential role for neutrophils in leishmaniasis transmitted by sand flies","volume":"321","author":"NC Peters","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1108","article-title":"Central memory T cells mediate long-term immunity to Leishmania major in the absence of persistent parasites","volume":"10","author":"C Zaph","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature medicine"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901099","article-title":"The p110delta isoform of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase controls susceptibility to Leishmania major by regulating expansion and tissue homing of regulatory T cells","volume":"183","author":"D Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of immunology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2608","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: complexity at the host-pathogen interface","volume":"9","author":"P Kaye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature reviews Microbiology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.3.961","article-title":"Mice from a genetically resistant background lacking the interferon gamma receptor are susceptible to infection with Leishmania major but mount a polarized T helper cell 1-type CD4+ T cell response","volume":"181","author":"K Swihart","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Journal of experimental medicine"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.4.1367","article-title":"CD4+ effector cells default to the Th2 pathway in interferon gamma-deficient mice infected with Leishmania major","volume":"179","author":"ZE Wang","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Journal of experimental medicine"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/375408a0","article-title":"Altered immune responses in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase","volume":"375","author":"XQ Wei","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8367726","article-title":"Helper T cells without CD4: control of leishmaniasis in CD4-deficient mice","volume":"261","author":"RM Locksley","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6317","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00890-06","article-title":"Disparate immunoregulatory potentials for double-negative (CD4- CD8-) alpha beta and gamma delta T cells from human patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"74","author":"LR Antonelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.03.016","article-title":"Immunoregulatory mechanisms and CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cell subpopulations in human cutaneous leishmaniasis: a balancing act between protection and pathology","volume":"8","author":"KJ Gollob","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2010.06.007","article-title":"Canine leishmaniasis. Immunophenotypic profile of leukocytes in different compartments of symptomatic, asymptomatic and treated dogs","volume":"137","author":"G Alexandre-Pires","year":"2010","journal-title":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761995000100012","article-title":"CD4+, CD8+ and CD4- CD8- T cell-subsets can confer protection against Leishmania m. mexicana infection","volume":"90","author":"CM Lezama-Davila","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2010.84","article-title":"Interleukin-10 limits the expansion of immunoregulatory CD4-CD8- T cells in autoimmune-prone non-obese diabetic mice","volume":"88","author":"EE Hillhouse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunology and cell biology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040982","article-title":"Characterization of the immunoregulatory function of human TCR-alphabeta+ CD4- CD8- double-negative T cells","volume":"41","author":"S Voelkl","year":"2011","journal-title":"European journal of immunology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6188","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.11.6188","article-title":"TCR\/self-antigen interactions drive double-negative T cell peripheral expansion and differentiation into suppressor cells","volume":"167","author":"JJ Priatel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of immunology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.042692799","article-title":"Interactions between double positive thymocytes and high affinity ligands presented by cortical epithelial cells generate double negative thymocytes with T cell regulatory activity","volume":"99","author":"R Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.05.019","article-title":"CD3+CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells: saviours or villains of the immune response","volume":"82","author":"F D'Acquisto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochemical pharmacology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.3.1602","article-title":"Characterization of defective CD4-CD8- T cells in murine tumors generated independent of antigen specificity","volume":"172","author":"RM Prins","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.5.2803","article-title":"Double-negative T regulatory cells can develop outside the thymus and do not mature from CD8+ T cell precursors","volume":"177","author":"MS Ford","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of immunology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4071","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-10-050625","article-title":"New differentiation pathway for double-negative regulatory T cells that regulates the magnitude of immune responses","volume":"109","author":"D Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2583","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of human antigen-specific TCR alpha beta+ CD4(\u2212)CD8- double-negative regulatory T cells","volume":"105","author":"K Fischer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/77513","article-title":"Identification of a previously unknown antigen-specific regulatory T cell and its mechanism of suppression","volume":"6","author":"ZX Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature medicine"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"8014","article-title":"Antitumor activity mediated by double-negative T cells","volume":"63","author":"KJ Young","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3408","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-01-0235","article-title":"Donor-lymphocyte infusion induces transplantation tolerance by activating systemic and graft-infiltrating double-negative regulatory T cells","volume":"100","author":"KJ Young","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4535","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.8.4535","article-title":"Expression profiling of murine double-negative regulatory T cells suggest mechanisms for prolonged cardiac allograft survival","volume":"174","author":"BP Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of immunology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636991","article-title":"Peptide-activated double-negative T cells can prevent autoimmune type-1 diabetes development","volume":"37","author":"MS Ford","year":"2007","journal-title":"European journal of immunology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11427","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011427","article-title":"Double negative (CD3+ 4- 8-) TCR alphabeta splenic cells from young NOD mice provide long-lasting protection against type 1 diabetes","volume":"5","author":"B Duncan","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2012.07.010","article-title":"A comprehensive review of the phenotype and function of antigen-specific immunoregulatory double negative T cells","volume":"40","author":"EE Hillhouse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of autoimmunity"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050569","article-title":"CD4-CD8- T cells control intracellular bacterial infections both in vitro and in vivo","volume":"202","author":"SC Cowley","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of experimental medicine"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5791","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000362","article-title":"Lung CD4-CD8- double-negative T cells are prominent producers of IL-17A and IFN-gamma during primary respiratory murine infection with Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain","volume":"184","author":"SC Cowley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of immunology"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44876","article-title":"Lack of clinical AIDS in SIV-infected sooty mangabeys with significant CD4+ T cell loss is associated with double-negative T cells","volume":"121","author":"JM Milush","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of clinical investigation"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8702","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00332-11","article-title":"CD4-like immunological function by CD4- T cells in multiple natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus","volume":"85","author":"C Vinton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23447","article-title":"HIV Gag-specific immune response mediated by double negative (CD3(+)CD4(\u2212)CD8(\u2212)) T cells in HIV-exposed seronegative individuals","volume":"85","author":"C Restrepo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of medical virology"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1994","article-title":"T-cell regulation: with complements from innate immunity","volume":"7","author":"C Kemper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature reviews Immunology"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1316877111","article-title":"C3 opsonization regulates endocytic handling of apoptotic cells resulting in enhanced T-cell responses to cargo-derived antigens","volume":"111","author":"L Baudino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.10.018","article-title":"Intracellular complement activation sustains T cell homeostasis and mediates effector differentiation","volume":"39","author":"MK Liszewski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2013.11.010","article-title":"Human complement C3 deficiency: Th1 induction requires T cell-derived complement C3a and CD46 activation","volume":"58","author":"A Ghannam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecular immunology"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8068","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803979","article-title":"Infection with arginase-deficient Leishmania major reveals a parasite number-dependent and cytokine-independent regulation of host cellular arginase activity and disease pathogenesis","volume":"183","author":"HM Muleme","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of immunology"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3098","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903177","article-title":"The p110 delta isoform of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase controls the quality of secondary anti-Leishmania immunity by regulating expansion and effector function of memory T cell subsets","volume":"184","author":"D Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of immunology"}],"container-title":["PLoS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004396","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T20:48:01Z","timestamp":1588970881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004396"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Gollob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004396","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]]}}}