{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:44:58Z","timestamp":1790516698356,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]],"date-time":"2014-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412208000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]],"date-time":"2014-10-02T18:24:20Z","timestamp":1412274260000},"page":"e1004415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 3A Promotes Cellular Proliferation by Repression of the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21WAF1\/CIP1"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Melissa L.","family":"Tursiella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily R.","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith C.","family":"Wanzeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Throm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare E.","family":"Sample","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Kieff E, Rickinson A (2006) Epstein-Barr Virus and Its Replication. In: Knipe D, Howley P, editors. Fields Virology. Fifth Edition ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 2626."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02568.x","article-title":"Differences in B cell growth phenotype reflect novel patterns of Epstein-Barr virus latent gene expression in Burkitt's lymphoma cells","volume":"6","author":"M Rowe","year":"1987","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.5.1725","article-title":"Promoter switching in Epstein-Barr virus during the initial stages of infection of B lymphocytes","volume":"87","author":"M Woisetschlaeger","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5096","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.14.5096","article-title":"Nucleotide sequences of mRNAs encoding Epstein-Barr virus nuclear proteins: a probable transcriptional initiation site","volume":"83","author":"J Sample","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3424","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.61.11.3424-3430.1987","article-title":"A promoter for the highly spliced EBNA family of RNAs of Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"61","author":"M Bodescot","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10565","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.23.10565","article-title":"Redefining the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear antigen EBNA-1 gene promoter and transcription initiation site in group I Burkitt lymphoma cell lines","volume":"92","author":"BC Schaefer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.70.1.623-627.1996","article-title":"Transcription start sites downstream of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Fp promoter in early-passage Burkitt lymphoma cells define a fourth promoter for expression of the EBV EBNA-1 protein","volume":"70","author":"C Nonkwelo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-199122000-00019","article-title":"African Burkitt's lymphoma. History, biology, clinical features, and treatment","volume":"13","author":"IT Magrath","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2009.07.004","article-title":"Burkitt's lymphoma: the Rosetta Stone deciphering Epstein-Barr virus biology","volume":"19","author":"M Rowe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1038\/nm758","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus-associated Burkitt lymphomagenesis selects for downregulation of the nuclear antigen EBNA2","volume":"8","author":"G Kelly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01096-06","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus-induced resistance to drugs that activate the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint in Burkitt's lymphoma cells","volume":"81","author":"M Leao","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000341","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000341","article-title":"An Epstein-Barr virus anti-apoptotic protein constitutively expressed in transformed cells and implicated in burkitt lymphomagenesis: the Wp\/BHRF1 link","volume":"5","author":"GL Kelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3678","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.11.3678","article-title":"Complex transcription of the Epstein-Barr virus BamHI fragment H rightward open reading frame 1 (BHRF1) in latently and lytically infected B lymphocytes","volume":"85","author":"PJ Austin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(87)90055-9","article-title":"Identification of an Epstein-Barr virus early gene encoding a second component of the restricted early antigen complex","volume":"160","author":"GR Pearson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.15.2424","article-title":"Myc signaling via the ARF tumor suppressor regulates p53-dependent apoptosis and immortalization","volume":"12","author":"F Zindy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8292","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.14.8292","article-title":"Functional and physical interactions of the ARF tumor suppressor with p53 and Mdm2","volume":"95","author":"T Kamijo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81400-2","article-title":"The Ink4a tumor suppressor gene product, p19Arf, interacts with MDM2 and neutralizes MDM2's inhibition of p53","volume":"92","author":"J Pomerantz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5001","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.17.5001","article-title":"The alternative product from the human CDKN2A locus, p14(ARF), participates in a regulatory feedback loop with p53 and MDM2","volume":"17","author":"FJ Stott","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81401-4","article-title":"ARF promotes MDM2 degradation and stabilizes p53: ARF-INK4a locus deletion impairs both the Rb and p53 tumor suppression pathways","volume":"92","author":"Y Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sample JT, Ruf IK (2006) Burkitt Lymphoma In: Tselis A, Johnson HB, editor. Epstein-Barr Virus. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare. pp. 187\u2013222.","DOI":"10.3109\/9781420014280.010"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.20.2658","article-title":"Disruption of the ARF-Mdm2-p53 tumor suppressor pathway in Myc-induced lymphomagenesis","volume":"13","author":"CM Eischen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210668","article-title":"Two Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) oncoproteins cooperate to repress expression of the proapoptotic tumour-suppressor Bim: clues to the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma","volume":"27","author":"E Anderton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14935","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509988103","article-title":"Three restricted forms of Epstein-Barr virus latency counteracting apoptosis in c-myc-expressing Burkitt lymphoma cells","volume":"103","author":"GL Kelly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/310207a0","article-title":"DNA sequence and expression of the B95-8 Epstein-Barr virus genome","volume":"310","author":"R Baer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.62.4.1330-1338.1988","article-title":"A fifth Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein (EBNA3C) is expressed in latently infected growth-transformed lymphocytes","volume":"62","author":"L Petti","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.4.995","article-title":"BamHI E region of the Epstein-Barr virus genome encodes three transformation-associated nuclear proteins","volume":"85","author":"A Ricksten","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.5.2893-2903.1992","article-title":"Use of second-site homologous recombination to demonstrate that Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 3B is not important for lymphocyte infection or growth transformation in vitro","volume":"66","author":"B Tomkinson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.67.4.2014-2025.1993","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus nuclear proteins EBNA-3A and EBNA-3C are essential for B-lymphocyte growth transformation","volume":"67","author":"B Tomkinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19500","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604919104","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein EBNA3C is required for cell cycle progression and growth maintenance of lymphoblastoid cells","volume":"103","author":"S Maruo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10437","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.19.10437-10447.2003","article-title":"Epstein-Barr Virus nuclear protein EBNA3A is critical for maintaining lymphoblastoid cell line growth","volume":"77","author":"S Maruo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1994.1687","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr virus determined nuclear antigens EBNA-3A, -3B, and -3C repress EBNA-2-mediated transactivation of the viral terminal protein 1 gene promoter","volume":"205","author":"A Le Roux","year":"1994","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4179","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.70.6.4179-4183.1996","article-title":"EBNA-2 and EBNA-3C extensively and mutually exclusively associate with RBPJkappa in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes","volume":"70","author":"E Johannsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4228","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.70.7.4228-4236.1996","article-title":"A conserved domain of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigens 3A and 3C binds to a discrete domain of Jkappa","volume":"70","author":"B Zhao","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11200","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00897-06","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-3C is targeted to and regulates expression from the bidirectional LMP-1\/2B promoter","volume":"80","author":"C Jimenez-Ramirez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7749","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.16.7749-7755.2001","article-title":"Physical and functional interactions between the corepressor CtBP and the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen EBNA3C","volume":"75","author":"R Touitou","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47197","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M208116200","article-title":"Two nonconsensus sites in the Epstein-Barr virus oncoprotein EBNA3A cooperate to bind the co-repressor carboxyl-terminal-binding protein (CtBP)","volume":"277","author":"M Hickabottom","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5151","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.11.5151-5160.2000","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 3C activates the latent membrane protein 1 promoter in the presence of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 through sequences encompassing an spi-1\/Spi-B binding site","volume":"74","author":"B Zhao","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207253","article-title":"The EBNA-3 gene family proteins disrupt the G2\/M checkpoint","volume":"23","author":"KG Krauer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000506","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000506","article-title":"Differential gene expression patterns of EBV infected EBNA-3A positive and negative human B lymphocytes","volume":"5","author":"ML Hertle","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.5.2968","article-title":"EBV infection of human B lymphocytes leads to down-regulation of Bim expression: relationship to resistance to apoptosis","volume":"175","author":"C Clybouw","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019599108","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigens 3C and 3A maintain lymphoblastoid cell growth by repressing p16INK4A and p14ARF expression","volume":"108","author":"S Maruo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000951","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000951","article-title":"Epigenetic repression of p16(INK4A) by latent Epstein-Barr virus requires the interaction of EBNA3A and EBNA3C with CtBP","volume":"6","author":"L Skalska","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1017419108","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 3C regulated genes in lymphoblastoid cell lines","volume":"108","author":"B Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003187","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003187","article-title":"Induction of p16(INK4a) Is the Major Barrier to Proliferation when Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Transforms Primary B Cells into Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines","volume":"9","author":"L Skalska","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4481","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.5.4481-4484.1999","article-title":"The proto-oncogene c-myc is a direct target gene of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2","volume":"73","author":"C Kaiser","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.3.1101-1113.2000","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus LMP2A-induced B-cell survival in two unique classes of EmuLMP2A transgenic mice","volume":"74","author":"RG Caldwell","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80623-8","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus LMP2A drives B cell development and survival in the absence of normal B cell receptor signals","volume":"9","author":"RG Caldwell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.64.6.2530-2536.1990","article-title":"The level of c-fgr RNA is increased by EBNA-2, an Epstein-Barr virus gene required for B-cell immortalization","volume":"64","author":"JC Knutson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1775","article-title":"Transient expression of the Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 gene in human primary B cells induces cellular activation and DNA synthesis","volume":"7","author":"M Peng","year":"1992","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200302085","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 blocks p16INK4a-RB pathway by promoting nuclear export of E2F4\/5","volume":"162","author":"N Ohtani","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5602","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.68.9.5602-5612.1994","article-title":"Upregulation of bcl-2 by the Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein LMP1: a B-cell-specific response that is delayed relative to NF-kappa B activation and to induction of cell surface markers","volume":"68","author":"M Rowe","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01616-09","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus-encoded Bcl-2 homologue functions as a survival factor in Wp-restricted Burkitt lymphoma cell line P3HR-1","volume":"84","author":"A Watanabe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.3.1651","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus regulates c-MYC, apoptosis, and tumorigenicity in Burkitt lymphoma","volume":"19","author":"IK Ruf","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6069","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.68.9.6069-6073.1994","article-title":"Isolation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative cell clones from the EBV-positive Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) line Akata: malignant phenotypes of BL cells are dependent on EBV","volume":"68","author":"N Shimizu","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.135.6.1441","article-title":"Lamin proteolysis facilitates nuclear events during apoptosis","volume":"135","author":"L Rao","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.126.4.827","article-title":"Chromatin condensation during apoptosis is accompanied by degradation of lamin A+B, without enhanced activation of cdc2 kinase","volume":"126","author":"FA Oberhammer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/371346a0","article-title":"Cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by a proteinase with properties like ICE","volume":"371","author":"YA Lazebnik","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"(Pt 11)","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.112.11.1743","article-title":"Caspase-dependent proteolysis of integral and peripheral proteins of nuclear membranes and nuclear pore complex proteins during apoptosis","volume":"112","author":"B Buendia","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7824","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.24.7824","article-title":"Human c-myc onc gene is located on the region of chromosome 8 that is translocated in Burkitt lymphoma cells","volume":"79","author":"R Dalla-Favera","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7837","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.24.7837","article-title":"Translocation of the c-myc gene into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in human Burkitt lymphoma and murine plasmacytoma cells","volume":"79","author":"R Taub","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"1915","article-title":"Constitutive c-myc expression in an IL-3-dependent myeloid cell line suppresses cell cycle arrest and accelerates apoptosis","volume":"6","author":"DS Askew","year":"1991","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-3C contributes to apoptotic resistance but not proliferation of Wp-R BL cells","author":"SC Chencheri","year":"2014","journal-title":"In Press"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05678.x","article-title":"mdm2 expression is induced by wild type p53 activity","volume":"12","author":"Y Barak","year":"1993","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)00214-3","article-title":"PUMA, a novel proapoptotic gene, is induced by p53","volume":"7","author":"K Nakano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"571","article-title":"Mutant p53 DNA clones from human colon carcinomas cooperate with ras in transforming primary rat cells: a comparison of the \u201chot spot\u201d mutant phenotypes","volume":"1","author":"PW Hinds","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell Growth Differ"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"1723","article-title":"Phenotype-related differences in the expression of D-type cyclins in human B cell-derived lines","volume":"7","author":"K Pokrovskaja","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell Growth Differ"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.12.1501","article-title":"CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression","volume":"13","author":"CJ Sherr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/366701a0","article-title":"p21 is a universal inhibitor of cyclin kinases","volume":"366","author":"Y Xiong","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90499-G","article-title":"The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases","volume":"75","author":"JW Harper","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.6.4.387","article-title":"Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases by p21","volume":"6","author":"JW Harper","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/366707a0","article-title":"Inhibition of CDK2 activity in vivo by an associated 20K regulatory subunit","volume":"366","author":"Y Gu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90500-P","article-title":"WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression","volume":"75","author":"WS el-Deiry","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90039-X","article-title":"Mice lacking p21CIP1\/WAF1 undergo normal development, but are defective in G1 checkpoint control","volume":"82","author":"C Deng","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00635.x","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr virus bZIP transcription factor Zta causes G0\/G1 cell cycle arrest through induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors","volume":"15","author":"C Cayrol","year":"1996","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3672","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.61.12.3672-3679.1987","article-title":"Polymorphic proteins encoded within BZLF1 of defective and standard Epstein-Barr viruses disrupt latency","volume":"61","author":"J Countryman","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3109","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.63.7.3109-3116.1989","article-title":"The spliced BZLF1 gene of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transactivates an early EBV promoter and induces the virus productive cycle","volume":"63","author":"CM Rooney","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1089\/1545457041526281","article-title":"Downregulation of p21(WAF1\/CIP1) and estrogen receptor alpha in MCF-7 cells by antisense oligonucleotides containing locked nucleic acid (LNA)","volume":"14","author":"JS Jepsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oligonucleotides"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-05-285791","article-title":"Lymphomas differ in their dependence on Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"117","author":"DT Vereide","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(08)60470-4","article-title":"The pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma","volume":"55","author":"I Magrath","year":"1990","journal-title":"Adv Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7233","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks391","article-title":"BIM promoter directly targeted by EBNA3C in polycomb-mediated repression by EBV","volume":"40","author":"K Paschos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000492","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000492","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus latency in B cells leads to epigenetic repression and CpG methylation of the tumour suppressor gene Bim","volume":"5","author":"K Paschos","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5256","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-04-280818","article-title":"Maximal killing of lymphoma cells by DNA damage-inducing therapy requires not only the p53 targets Puma and Noxa, but also Bim","volume":"116","author":"L Happo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18562","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503886102","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus latent antigen 3C can mediate the degradation of the retinoblastoma protein through an SCF cellular ubiquitin ligase","volume":"102","author":"JS Knight","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.5.1680","article-title":"p16\/INK4a and p15\/INK4b gene methylation and absence of p16\/INK4a mRNA and protein expression in Burkitt's lymphoma","volume":"91","author":"U Klangby","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref85","first-page":"1413","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus exploits the normal cell pathway to regulate Rb activity during the immortalisation of primary B-cells","volume":"13","author":"EJ Cannell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/382511a0","article-title":"Cdc25 cell-cycle phosphatase as a target of c-myc","volume":"382","author":"K Galaktionov","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06634.x","article-title":"EBNA-2 and EBNA-LP cooperate to cause G0 to G1 transition during immortalization of resting human B lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"13","author":"AJ Sinclair","year":"1994","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6954","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210516","article-title":"p21(Waf1\/Cip1\/Sdi1) mediates retinoblastoma protein degradation","volume":"26","author":"EV Broude","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53317","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M406062200","article-title":"The central acidic domain of MDM2 is critical in inhibition of retinoblastoma-mediated suppression of E2F and cell growth","volume":"279","author":"P Sdek","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2005.10.017","article-title":"MDM2 promotes proteasome-dependent ubiquitin-independent degradation of retinoblastoma protein","volume":"20","author":"P Sdek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4291","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.8.4291","article-title":"Effects of p21Waf1\/Cip1\/Sdi1 on cellular gene expression: implications for carcinogenesis, senescence, and age-related diseases","volume":"97","author":"BD Chang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6969","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb01089.x","article-title":"Specific cleavage of the retinoblastoma protein by an ICE-like protease in apoptosis","volume":"15","author":"RU Janicke","year":"1996","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.8.15.1750","article-title":"p21-containing cyclin kinases exist in both active and inactive states","volume":"8","author":"H Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.7.847","article-title":"New functional activities for the p21 family of CDK inhibitors","volume":"11","author":"J LaBaer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.6.1571","article-title":"The p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) CDK \u2018inhibitors\u2019 are essential activators of cyclin D-dependent kinases in murine fibroblasts","volume":"18","author":"M Cheng","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/340393a0","article-title":"Genetic analysis of immortalizing functions of Epstein-Barr virus in human B lymphocytes","volume":"340","author":"W Hammerschmidt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.65.5.2545-2554.1991","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 2 mutations define essential domains for transformation and transactivation","volume":"65","author":"JI Cohen","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9558","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.23.9558","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 2 is a key determinant of lymphocyte transformation","volume":"86","author":"JI Cohen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07124.x","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus efficiently immortalizes human B cells without neutralizing the function of p53","volume":"14","author":"MJ Allday","year":"1995","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7181","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206838","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus can inhibit genotoxin-induced G1 arrest downstream of p53 by preventing the inactivation of CDK2","volume":"22","author":"J O'Nions","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4652","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02408-08","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 3C augments Mdm2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation by deubiquitinating Mdm2","volume":"83","author":"A Saha","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5515","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.082117599","article-title":"A DNA vector-based RNAi technology to suppress gene expression in mammalian cells","volume":"99","author":"G Sui","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78863","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078863","article-title":"Modulation of p53 expression using antisense oligonucleotides complementary to the 5\u2032-terminal region of p53 mRNA in vitro and in the living cells","volume":"8","author":"A Gorska","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","article-title":"Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4","volume":"227","author":"UK Laemmli","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["PLoS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004415","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T19:20:25Z","timestamp":1650309625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004415"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Erik K.","family":"Flemington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004415","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]]}}}