{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:04:38Z","timestamp":1790762678993,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,22]],"date-time":"2015-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,22]],"date-time":"2015-01-22T19:00:44Z","timestamp":1421953244000},"page":"e1004616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Chronic Filarial Infection Provides Protection against Bacterial Sepsis by Functionally Reprogramming Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fabian","family":"Gondorf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afiat","family":"Berbudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt C.","family":"Buerfent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesuthas","family":"Ajendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Bloemker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Specht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Lena","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Layland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achim","family":"Hoerauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc P.","family":"H\u00fcbner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00191.x","article-title":"Helminth parasites--masters of regulation","volume":"201","author":"RM Maizels","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2992","article-title":"Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths","volume":"11","author":"JE Allen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2199","article-title":"Protective immune mechanisms in helminth infection","volume":"7","author":"RM Anthony","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2005.00792.x","article-title":"Immunomodulation by filarial nematodes","volume":"27","author":"a Hoerauf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100335","article-title":"Helminth protection against autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice is independent of a type 2 immune shift and requires TGF-\u03b2","volume":"188","author":"MP H\u00fcbner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.02958.x","article-title":"Inhibition of type 1 diabetes in filaria-infected non-obese diabetic mice is associated with a T helper type 2 shift and induction of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells","volume":"127","author":"MP H\u00fcbner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.041749","article-title":"Trichuris suis therapy in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"54","author":"RW Summers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1999.00213.x","article-title":"Infection with Schistosoma mansoni prevents insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in non-obese diabetic mice","volume":"21","author":"a Cooke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.3.1792","article-title":"Helminth infection with Litomosoides sigmodontis induces regulatory T cells and inhibits allergic sensitization, airway inflammation, and hyperreactivity in a murine asthma model","volume":"180","author":"AM Dittrich","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20042572","article-title":"Suppression of allergic airway inflammation by helminth-induced regulatory T cells","volume":"202","author":"MS Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821578","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/821578","article-title":"Modulation of specific and allergy-related immune responses by helminths","volume":"2011","author":"E Dani\u0142owicz-Luebert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12400","article-title":"Functional relevance of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated interleukin (IL)-1beta during acute allergic airway inflammation","volume":"178","author":"M Ritter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1086\/515661","article-title":"Impaired tetanus-specific cellular and humoral responses following tetanus vaccination in human onchocerciasis: a possible role for interleukin-10","volume":"178","author":"PJ Cooper","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.01015.x","article-title":"Onchocerciasis modulates the immune response to mycobacterial antigens","volume":"117","author":"GR Stewart","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2736","article-title":"Effect of helminth-induced immunity on infections with microbial pathogens","volume":"14","author":"P Salgame","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12080","article-title":"Helminths and their implication in sepsis\u2014a new branch of their immunomodulatory behaviour?","volume":"69","author":"MP H\u00fcbner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathog Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-203","article-title":"Decreased prevalence of sepsis but not mild or severe P. falciparum malaria is associated with pre-existing filarial infection","volume":"6","author":"M Panda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2014017","article-title":"Co-infection restrains Litomosoides sigmodontis filarial load and plasmodial P. yoelii but not P. chabaudi parasitaemia in mice","volume":"21","author":"G Karadjian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.01446.x","article-title":"Effect of deworming on human T cell responses to mycobacterial antigens in helminth-exposed individuals before and after bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccination","volume":"123","author":"D Elias","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091473","article-title":"Preexisting helminth infection induces inhibition of innate pulmonary anti-tuberculosis defense by engaging the IL-4 receptor pathway","volume":"208","author":"a Potian J","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.03007.x","article-title":"Review series on helminths, immune modulation and the hygiene hypothesis: the broader implications of the hygiene hypothesis","volume":"126","author":"W Rook G a","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.5.3.475","article-title":"Chronic helminth infections may negatively influence immunity against tuberculosis and other diseases of public health importance","volume":"5","author":"D Elias","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03247.x","article-title":"Intestinal helminth co-infection has a negative impact on both anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunity and clinical response to tuberculosis therapy","volume":"147","author":"T Resende Co","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1970","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001970","article-title":"Chronic helminth infection does not exacerbate Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"6","author":"MP H\u00fcbner","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.131","article-title":"Acute helminth infection enhances early macrophage mediated control of mycobacterial infection","volume":"6","author":"N Du Plessis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4721","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.7.4721","article-title":"Alternatively activated macrophages in intestinal helminth infection: effects on concurrent bacterial colitis","volume":"179","author":"M Weng","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27564","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027564","article-title":"Parasitic infection improves survival from septic peritonitis by enhancing mast cell responses to bacteria in mice","volume":"6","author":"RE Sutherland","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002717","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002717","article-title":"Chitohexaose activates macrophages by alternate pathway through TLR4 and blocks endotoxemia","volume":"8","author":"SK Panda","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002042","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002042","article-title":"A family of helminth molecules that modulate innate cell responses via molecular mimicry of host antimicrobial peptides","volume":"7","author":"MW Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.1.284","article-title":"Immunomodulation via novel use of TLR4 by the filarial nematode phosphorylcholine-containing secreted product, ES-62","volume":"174","author":"HS Goodridge","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2004.00526.x","article-title":"Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2, an inhibitor of tissue factor\/factor VIIa, attenuates coagulation and the interleukin-10 response in human endotoxemia","volume":"2","author":"CJM De Pont a","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.1.437","article-title":"The major surface protein of Wolbachia endosymbionts in filarial nematodes elicits immune responses through TLR2 and TLR4","volume":"173","author":"NW Brattig","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)60004-8","article-title":"Wolbachia bacterial endosymbionts of filarial nematodes","volume":"60","author":"MJ Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00057-10","article-title":"Onchocerciasis: the role of Wolbachia bacterial endosymbionts in parasite biology, disease pathogenesis, and treatment","volume":"24","author":"F Tamarozzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021333","article-title":"The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis","volume":"348","author":"RS Hotchkiss","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Why have clinical trials in sepsis failed?","author":"JC Marshall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI4768","article-title":"Tetracycline therapy targets intracellular bacteria in the filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis and results in filarial infertility","volume":"103","author":"a Hoerauf","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(00)01738-5","article-title":"Litomosoides sigmodontis in mice: reappraisal of an old model for filarial research","volume":"16","author":"W Hoffmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-442640","article-title":"The biology of nematode- and IL4R\u03b1-dependent murine macrophage polarization in vivo as defined by RNA-Seq and targeted lipidomics","volume":"120","author":"GD Thomas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(200004)30:4<1127::AID-IMMU1127>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Antigen-presenting cells recruited by Brugia malayi induce Th2 differentiation of na\u00efve CD4(+) T cells","volume":"30","author":"P Loke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.2.1068","article-title":"Innate Immune Responses to Endosymbiotic Wolbachia Bacteria in Brugia malayi and Onchocerca volvulus Are Dependent on TLR2, TLR6, MyD88, and Mal, but Not TLR4, TRIF, or TRAM","volume":"178","author":"a. G Hise","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.4.2336","article-title":"Conditional Macrophage Ablation Demonstrates That Resident Macrophages Initiate Acute Peritoneal Inflammation","volume":"174","author":"JF Cailhier","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.3.379-414.2003","article-title":"Receptors, Mediators, and Mechanisms Involved in Bacterial Sepsis and Septic Shock","volume":"16","author":"Van Amersfoort ES","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1937","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity and interaction with lymphocyte subsets: cancer as a paradigm","volume":"11","author":"SK Biswas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2448","article-title":"Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation","volume":"8","author":"DM Mosser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12034","article-title":"Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease","volume":"496","author":"a Wynn T","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.05.007","article-title":"Alternative activation of macrophages: mechanism and functions","volume":"32","author":"S Gordon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.2.1240","article-title":"Wolbachia endosymbiotic bacteria of Brugia malayi mediate macrophage tolerance to TLR- and CD40-specific stimuli in a MyD88\/TLR2-dependent manner","volume":"177","author":"JD Turner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1630","article-title":"Negative regulation of toll-like receptor-mediated immune responses","volume":"5","author":"FY Liew","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.1.287","article-title":"Interleukin 4 Potently Enhances Murine Macrophage Mannose Receptor Activity: A Marker of Alternative Immunologic Macrophage Activation","volume":"176","author":"BM Stein","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2011.03449.x","article-title":"C-type lectins on macrophages participate in the immunomodulatory response to Fasciola hepatica products","volume":"133","author":"L Guasconi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2008.11.004","article-title":"Influence of the mannose receptor in host immune responses","volume":"214","author":"U Gazi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200484","article-title":"Helminth infection impairs autophagy-mediated killing of bacterial enteropathogens by macrophages","volume":"189","author":"C Su","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3084","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803463","article-title":"Alternatively activated macrophages elicited by helminth infection can be reprogrammed to enable microbial killing","volume":"182","author":"KJ Mylonas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2009.07.009","article-title":"Endotoxin tolerance: new mechanisms, molecules and clinical significance","volume":"30","author":"SK Biswas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2014.03.010","article-title":"Phagocytic activity of LPS tolerant macrophages","volume":"60","author":"TM De Lima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808146106","article-title":"Protection from lethal gram-negative bacterial sepsis by targeting Toll-like receptor 4","volume":"106","author":"T Roger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e318162c190","article-title":"Induction of endotoxin tolerance enhances bacterial clearance and survival in murine polymicrobial sepsis","volume":"30","author":"DS Wheeler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"463","article-title":"Improved Innate Immunity of Endotoxin-Tolerant Mice Increases Resistance to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection despite Attenuated Cytokine Response","volume":"69","author":"MD Lehner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Improved Innate Immunity of Endotoxin-Tolerant Mice Increases Resistance to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection despite Attenuated Cytokine Response"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86015","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086015","article-title":"Toll-Like Receptor 4 Stimulation before or after Streptococcus pneumoniae Induced Sepsis Improves Survival and Is Dependent on T-Cells","volume":"9","author":"E Musie","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-011-0342-5","article-title":"LPS pretreatment ameliorates multiple organ injuries and improves survival in a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis","volume":"60","author":"D-W Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.1.508","article-title":"Induction of In Vitro Reprogramming by Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 Agonists in Murine Macrophages: Effects of TLR \u201cHomotolerance\u201d Versus \u201cHeterotolerance\u201d on NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathway Components","volume":"170","author":"a Dobrovolskaia M","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4456","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.8.4456-4462.2003","article-title":"Toll-Like Receptor 2- and 6-Mediated Stimulation by Macrophage-Activating Lipopeptide 2 Induces Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Cross Tolerance in Mice, Which Results in Protection from Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha but in Only Partial Protection from Lethal LPS doses","volume":"71","author":"U Deiters","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01189.x","article-title":"The TLR2-MyD88-NOD2-RIPK2 signalling axis regulates a balanced pro-inflammatory and IL-10-mediated anti-inflammatory cytokine response to Gram-positive cell walls","volume":"10","author":"LO Moreira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48122","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M206941200","article-title":"A novel host-parasite lipid cross-talk. Schistosomal lyso-phosphatidylserine activates toll-like receptor 2 and affects immune polarization","volume":"277","author":"D Van der Kleij","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-10-9","article-title":"Combined TLR2 and TLR4 ligation in the context of bacterial or helminth extracts in human monocyte derived dendritic cells: molecular correlates for Th1\/Th2 polarization","volume":"10","author":"E Van Riet","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0397","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis is associated with endotoxemia and Toll-like receptor 2- and 4-bearing B cells","volume":"84","author":"D Onguru","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00112","article-title":"Does helminth activation of toll-like receptors modulate immune response in multiple sclerosis patients?","volume":"2","author":"J Correale","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4265","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.6.4265","article-title":"A Helminth Immunomodulator Reduces Allergic and Inflammatory Responses by Induction of IL-10-Producing Macrophages","volume":"180","author":"C Schnoeller","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.060368","article-title":"Helminth cysteine proteases inhibit TRIF-dependent activation of macrophages via degradation of TLR3","volume":"285","author":"S Donnelly","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.2.1170","article-title":"Diminished Expression and Function of TLR in Lymphatic Filariasis: A Novel Mechanism of Immune Dysregulation","volume":"175","author":"S Babu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1611","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001611","article-title":"Elevated adaptive immune responses are associated with latent infections of Wuchereria bancrofti","volume":"6","author":"K Arndts","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.6.3385-3393.2005","article-title":"Diminished monocyte function in microfilaremic patients with lymphatic filariasis and its relationship to altered lymphoproliferative responses","volume":"73","author":"B Sasisekhar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-002-0155-9","article-title":"Murine filariasis: interleukin 4 and interleukin 5 lead to containment of different worm developmental stages","volume":"192","author":"L Volkmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"189","article-title":"Macrophage depletion in the rat after intraperitoneal administration of liposome-encapsulated clodronate: Depletion kinetics and accelerated repopulation of peritoneal and omental macrophages by administration of freund\u2019s adjuvant","volume":"280","author":"J Biewenga","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01040.x","article-title":"Antibiotic therapy in murine filariasis (Litomosoides sigmodontis): comparative effects of doxycycline and rifampicin on Wolbachia and filarial viability","volume":"8","author":"L Volkmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1558","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001558","article-title":"Immunization with L. sigmodontis microfilariae reduces peripheral microfilaraemia after challenge infection by inhibition of filarial embryogenesis","volume":"6","author":"S Ziewer","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004616","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T07:51:03Z","timestamp":1651045863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004616"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"William C.","family":"Gause","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,22]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004616","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,22]]}}}