{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T22:45:36Z","timestamp":1791153936379,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]],"date-time":"2015-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]],"date-time":"2015-06-18T14:04:00Z","timestamp":1434636240000},"page":"e1004871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Targeting Human Transmission Biology for Malaria Elimination"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sandra K.","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Childs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Buckee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Marti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"WHO (2014) WHO Malaria Report 2014. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/malaria\/publications\/world_malaria_report_2014\/en\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/malaria\/publications\/world_malaria_report_2014\/en\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.02.004","article-title":"The role of submicroscopic parasitemia in malaria transmission: what is the evidence?","volume":"30","author":"JT Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.13.45","article-title":"The silent threat: asymptomatic parasitemia and malaria transmission","volume":"11","author":"KA Lindblade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.01.002","article-title":"(Sub)microscopic Plasmodium falciparum gametocytaemia in Kenyan children after treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine monotherapy or in combination with artesunate","volume":"36","author":"P Schneider","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42821","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042821","article-title":"Mosquito feeding assays to determine the infectiousness of naturally infected Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriers","volume":"7","author":"T Bousema","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00051-10","article-title":"Epidemiology and infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax gametocytes in relation to malaria control and elimination","volume":"24","author":"T Bousema","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical microbiology reviews"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00626","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00626","article-title":"Predicting mosquito infection from Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte density and estimating the reservoir of infection","volume":"2","author":"TS Churcher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1984.33.1045","article-title":"Gametocyte production in cloned lines of Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"33","author":"PM Graves","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000061412","article-title":"The sex ratio of Plasmodium gametocytes","volume":"98","author":"JJ Schall","year":"1989","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000061199","article-title":"Commitment of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to sexual and asexual development","volume":"100","author":"MC Bruce","year":"1990","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.2307\/3281374","article-title":"Gametocyte formation by the progeny of single Plasmodium falciparum schizonts","volume":"69","author":"J Inselburg","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099006691","article-title":"Commitment to the production of male and female gametocytes in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"121","author":"F Silvestrini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099006265","article-title":"Commitment to sexual differentiation in the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"121","author":"TG Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12920","article-title":"A transcriptional switch underlies commitment to sexual development in malaria parasites","volume":"507","author":"BF Kafsack","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12970","article-title":"A cascade of DNA-binding proteins for sexual commitment and development in Plasmodium","volume":"507","author":"A Sinha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.07.004","article-title":"Heterochromatin protein 1 secures survival and transmission of malaria parasites","volume":"16","author":"NM Brancucci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.06.014","article-title":"A Plasmodium falciparum histone deacetylase regulates antigenic variation and gametocyte conversion","volume":"16","author":"BI Coleman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002964","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002964","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte development 1 (Pfgdv1) and gametocytogenesis early gene identification and commitment to sexual development","volume":"8","author":"S Eksi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-250","article-title":"The Plasmodium falciparum, Nima-related kinase Pfnek-4: a marker for asexual parasites committed to sexual differentiation","volume":"11","author":"L Reininger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref20","first-page":"37","article-title":"Evidence for environmental modulation of gametocytogenesis in Plasmodium falciparum in continuous culture","volume":"57","author":"R Carter","year":"1979","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/286490a0","article-title":"Gametocytogenesis by malaria parasites in continuous culture","volume":"286","author":"DC Kaushal","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2007.04.008","article-title":"Improved synchronous production of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in vitro","volume":"154","author":"QL Fivelman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.7","article-title":"Stimulation of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytogenesis by conditioned medium from parasite cultures","volume":"60","author":"JL Williams","year":"1999","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.04.009","article-title":"Malaria-infected erythrocyte-derived microvesicles mediate cellular communication within the parasite population and with the host immune system","volume":"13","author":"PY Mantel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.04.029","article-title":"Cell-cell communication between malaria-infected red blood cells via exosome-like vesicles","volume":"153","author":"N Regev-Rudzki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1998.4347","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum: enhanced gametocyte formation in vitro in reticulocyte-rich blood","volume":"91","author":"W Trager","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-3-24","article-title":"Gametocytogenesis: the puberty of Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"3","author":"AM Talman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit309","article-title":"Enhanced gametocyte formation in erythrocyte progenitor cells: a site-specific adaptation by Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"208","author":"CL Peatey","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(81)90348-5","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum gametocytogenesis stimulated by lymphocytes and serum from infected Gambian children","volume":"75","author":"ME Smalley","year":"1981","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(97)00160-6","article-title":"Cell density triggers slender to stumpy differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream forms in culture","volume":"90","author":"B Reuner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology"},{"issue":"Pt 21","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.110.21.2661","article-title":"Differentiation of African trypanosomes is controlled by a density sensing mechanism which signals cell cycle arrest via the cAMP pathway","volume":"110","author":"E Vassella","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of cell science"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12864","article-title":"Genome-wide dissection of the quorum sensing signalling pathway in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"505","author":"BM Mony","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2004.11.006","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum strain GC-03 exhibits hyper-gametocytogenesis in partially hemoglobin depleted red blood cells","volume":"139","author":"TN Bennett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2010.03.019","article-title":"Malaria gametocytogenesis","volume":"172","author":"DA Baker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009990667","article-title":"Malaria, sexual development and transmission: retrospect and prospect","volume":"136","author":"RE Sinden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.366","article-title":"A retrospective examination of mosquito infection on humans infected with Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"68","author":"WE Collins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001001202","article-title":"Population dynamics of untreated Plasmodium falciparum malaria within the adult human host during the expansion phase of the infection","volume":"124","author":"JA Simpson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90016-1","article-title":"Genesis, sequestration and survival of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: parameter estimates from fitting a model to malariatherapy data","volume":"95","author":"M Eichner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1999.1041","article-title":"Modelling the transition of asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum to gametocytes","volume":"202","author":"HH Diebner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1984.33.534","article-title":"Gametocyte-forming and non-gametocyte-forming clones of Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"33","author":"VK Bhasin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.1545","article-title":"On the evolution of reproductive restraint in malaria","volume":"275","author":"N Mideo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(97)89810-9","article-title":"Why so few transmission stages? Reproductive restraint by malaria parasites","volume":"13","author":"LH Taylor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12005","article-title":"Plasticity in transmission strategies of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi: environmental and genetic effects","volume":"6","author":"A Cameron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evol Appl"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1086\/658175","article-title":"Competition and the evolution of reproductive restraint in malaria parasites","volume":"177","author":"LC Pollitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-115","article-title":"Information use and plasticity in the reproductive decisions of malaria parasites","volume":"13","author":"LM Carter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.442","article-title":"Increased Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte production in mixed infections with P. malariae","volume":"78","author":"JT Bousema","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(96)90408-3","article-title":"Effect of gametocyte sex ratio on infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum to Anopheles gambiae","volume":"90","author":"V Robert","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-483","article-title":"Assessment of therapeutic responses to gametocytocidal drugs in Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"13","author":"NJ White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.0995","article-title":"Sex allocation and population structure in apicomplexan (protozoa) parasites","volume":"267","author":"SA West","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02330-9","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii and sex: essential or optional extra?","volume":"18","author":"DJ Ferguson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-4571.2008.00060.x","article-title":"Plastic parasites: sophisticated strategies for survival and reproduction?","volume":"2","author":"SE Reece","year":"2009","journal-title":"Evol Appl"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(01)02058-X","article-title":"Evolution of gametocyte sex ratios in malaria and related apicomplexan (protozoan) parasites","volume":"17","author":"SA West","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1995.0105","article-title":"Sex allocation and population structure in malaria and related parasitic protozoa","volume":"260","author":"AF Read","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000063630","article-title":"Gametocyte sex ratios as indirect measures of outcrossing rates in malaria","volume":"104","author":"AF Read","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2009.08.007","article-title":"Population structure of Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte sex ratios in malarious children in an endemic area","volume":"58","author":"A Sowunmi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16813","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501858102","article-title":"Disruption of a Plasmodium falciparum gene linked to male sexual development causes early arrest in gametocytogenesis","volume":"102","author":"T Furuya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.059824","article-title":"The Puf-family RNA-binding protein PfPuf2 regulates sexual development and sex differentiation in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"123","author":"J Miao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7459","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007459","article-title":"Absence of erythrocyte sequestration and lack of multicopy gene family expression in Plasmodium falciparum from a splenectomized malaria patient","volume":"4","author":"A Bachmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(81)90019-5","article-title":"The distribution of Plasmodium falciparum in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of Gambian children","volume":"75","author":"ME Smalley","year":"1981","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21796","article-title":"Immature Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in bone marrow","volume":"85","author":"AH Abdulsalam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003025","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003025","article-title":"Malaria&apos;s missing number: calculating the human component of R0 by a within-host mechanistic model of Plasmodium falciparum infection and transmission","volume":"9","author":"GL Johnston","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-08-520767","article-title":"Molecular evidence for the localization of Plasmodium falciparum immature gametocytes in bone marrow","volume":"123","author":"R Aguilar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1086\/505078","article-title":"The distribution and intensity of parasite sequestration in comatose Malawian children","volume":"194","author":"KB Seydel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.251","article-title":"Fatal malaria infection in travelers: novel immunohistochemical assays for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum in tissues and implications for pathogenesis","volume":"76","author":"GL Genrich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.10.5412-5415.2002","article-title":"Selective accumulation of mature asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in the placenta","volume":"70","author":"JG Beeson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.44.168","article-title":"Microvascular sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes in human falciparum malaria: a pathological study","volume":"44","author":"E Pongponratn","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244re245","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008882","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum transmission stages accumulate in the human bone marrow","volume":"6","author":"R Joice","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-285","article-title":"The extravascular compartment of the bone marrow: a niche for Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte maturation?","volume":"11","author":"E Farfour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.168.3.1193","article-title":"Isolation and immunocytochemical characterization of human bone marrow stromal macrophages in hemopoietic clusters","volume":"168","author":"SH Lee","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12716","article-title":"Severity of anaemia is associated with bone marrow haemozoin in children exposed to Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"164","author":"R Aguilar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1992.tb01476.x","article-title":"Enhanced gametocyte formation in young erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum in vitro","volume":"39","author":"W Trager","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Protozool"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-31","article-title":"Gametocyte carriage in Plasmodium falciparum-infected travellers","volume":"12","author":"CH Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1086\/496887","article-title":"Carriage of chloroquine-resistant parasites and delay of effective treatment increase the risk of severe malaria in Gambian children","volume":"192","author":"L Meerman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.00361.x","article-title":"Host haematological factors influencing the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes to Anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes","volume":"4","author":"CJ Drakeley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.5.2334-2339.1999","article-title":"Phagocytosis does not play a major role in naturally acquired transmission-blocking immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"67","author":"J Healer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infection and immunity"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"170ra113","article-title":"CD271(+) bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may provide a niche for dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"5","author":"B Das","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science translational medicine"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31567","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031567","article-title":"Differential adhesive properties of sequestered asexual and sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum on human endothelial cells are tissue independent","volume":"7","author":"F Silvestrini","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12062","article-title":"Early gametocytes of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum specifically remodel the adhesive properties of infected erythrocyte surface","volume":"15","author":"M Tiburcio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e172","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-414557","article-title":"A switch in infected erythrocyte deformability at the maturation and blood circulation of Plasmodium falciparum transmission stages","volume":"119","author":"M Tiburcio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2012.01786.x","article-title":"Host cell deformability is linked to transmission in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"14","author":"M Aingaran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cellular microbiology"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.099002","article-title":"Origin, composition, organization and function of the inner membrane complex of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes","volume":"125","author":"MK Dearnley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of cell science"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-136","article-title":"Revisiting the circulation time of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: molecular detection methods to estimate the duration of gametocyte carriage and the effect of gametocytocidal drugs","volume":"9","author":"T Bousema","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1998.4354","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum: infectivity of cultured, synchronized gametocytes to mosquitoes","volume":"91","author":"A Lensen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1951.s1-31.411","article-title":"An easier and more accurate diagnosis of malaria and filariasis through the use of the skin scarification smear","volume":"31","author":"BL van den","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099006277","article-title":"High heterogeneity in the number of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in the bloodmeal of mosquitoes fed on the same host","volume":"121","author":"G Pichon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1955.4.781","article-title":"Infectivity to mosquitoes of Plasmodium falciparum as related to gametocyte density and duration of infection","volume":"4","author":"GM Jeffery","year":"1955","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.74","article-title":"The effect of malaria transmission intensity on neonatal mortality in endemic areas","volume":"75","author":"A Ross","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3364","article-title":"Asymptomatic malaria infections: detectability, transmissibility and public health relevance","volume":"12","author":"T Bousema","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003392","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003392","article-title":"Inferring developmental stage composition from gene expression in human malaria","volume":"9","author":"R Joice","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.626","article-title":"Age-dependent distribution of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes quantified by Pfs25 real-time QT-NASBA in a cross-sectional study in Burkina Faso","volume":"76","author":"AL Ouedraogo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90056-7","article-title":"Estimates of the infectious reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in The Gambia and in Tanzania","volume":"94","author":"CJ Drakeley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4377","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01056-13","article-title":"Functional comparison of Plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking vaccine candidates by the standard membrane-feeding assay","volume":"81","author":"K Miura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.233","article-title":"Sporogonic development of cultured Plasmodium falciparum in six species of laboratory-reared Anopheles mosquitoes","volume":"51","author":"JA Vaughan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3418","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03418","article-title":"The relevance and applicability of oocyst prevalence as a read-out for mosquito feeding assays","volume":"3","author":"WJ Stone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002742","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002742","article-title":"Midgut microbiota of the malaria mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae and interactions with Plasmodium falciparum infection","volume":"8","author":"A Boissiere","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.05.007","article-title":"Antimalarial responses in Anopheles gambiae: from a complement-like protein to a complement-like pathway","volume":"3","author":"SA Blandin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.09.008","article-title":"Human immune responses that reduce the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum in African populations","volume":"41","author":"T Bousema","year":"2011","journal-title":"International journal for parasitology"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1236192","article-title":"Wolbachia invades Anopheles stephensi populations and induces refractoriness to Plasmodium infection","volume":"340","author":"G Bian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16353","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1410488111","article-title":"Sexual transfer of the steroid hormone 20E induces the postmating switch in Anopheles gambiae","volume":"111","author":"P Gabrieli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3985","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4985","article-title":"Evidence of natural Wolbachia infections in field populations of Anopheles gambiae","volume":"5","author":"F Baldini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2010.11.014","article-title":"The Apicomplexan AP2 family: integral factors regulating Plasmodium development","volume":"176","author":"HJ Painter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06609.x","article-title":"Identification of a transcription factor in the mosquito-invasive stage of malaria parasites","volume":"71","author":"M Yuda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.07005.x","article-title":"Transcription factor AP2-Sp and its target genes in malarial sporozoites","volume":"75","author":"M Yuda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47557","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047557","article-title":"Identification of an AP2-family protein that is critical for malaria liver stage development","volume":"7","author":"S Iwanaga","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004871","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T21:59:38Z","timestamp":1652479178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004871"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Chetan E.","family":"Chitnis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004871","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]]}}}