{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:33:09Z","timestamp":1791318789144,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]],"date-time":"2015-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]],"date-time":"2015-08-13T18:10:24Z","timestamp":1439489424000},"page":"e1005075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Nanoformulations of Rilpivirine for Topical Pericoital and Systemic Coitus-Independent Administration Efficiently Prevent HIV Transmission"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"Kovarova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia D.","family":"Council","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhijit A.","family":"Date","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie M.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Nochii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Belshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline E.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William O.","family":"Thayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guenter","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Lachaud-Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Destache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Victor","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"WHO. Global summary of AIDS epidemic 2013 <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/data\/epi_core_dec2014.png?ua=12014\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/data\/epi_core_dec2014.png?ua=12014<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"5996","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193748","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women","volume":"329","author":"Q Abdool Karim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"27","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011205","article-title":"Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men","volume":"363","author":"RM Grant","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1108524","article-title":"Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women","volume":"367","author":"JM Baeten","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110711","article-title":"Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis for heterosexual HIV transmission in Botswana","volume":"367","author":"MC Thigpen","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2014.888055","article-title":"Vaginal microbicides and their delivery platforms","volume":"11","author":"OJ D'Cruz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert opinion on drug delivery"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000002","article-title":"Long-acting injectable antiretrovirals for HIV treatment and prevention","volume":"8","author":"WR Spreen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS"},{"issue":"6015","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1126\/science.331.6015.284-a","article-title":"HIV prevention in women: next steps","volume":"331","author":"SH Vermund","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"35","article-title":"Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of rilpivirine: systematic review with an emphasis on resource-limited settings","volume":"3","author":"N Ford","year":"2011","journal-title":"HIV\/AIDS (Auckland, NZ)"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2009.03.006","article-title":"Development of a long-acting injectable formulation with nanoparticles of rilpivirine (TMC278) for HIV treatment","volume":"72","author":"L Baert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01529-09","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and disposition of rilpivirine (TMC278) nanosuspension as a long-acting injectable antiretroviral formulation","volume":"54","author":"G van 't Klooster","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2014.118","article-title":"A Compartmental Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Long-Acting Rilpivirine in HIV-Negative Volunteers for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis","volume":"96","author":"AG Jackson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1248707","article-title":"Long-Acting Integrase Inhibitor Protects Macaques from Intrarectal Simian\/Human Immunodeficiency Virus","volume":"343","author":"CD Andrews","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"270","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270ra4","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3010298","article-title":"A long-acting integrase inhibitor protects female macaques from repeated high-dose intravaginal SHIV challenge","volume":"7","author":"CD Andrews","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"270","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270ra5","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3010297","article-title":"The long-acting integrase inhibitor GSK744 protects macaques from repeated intravaginal SHIV challenge","volume":"7","author":"J Radzio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06157-11","article-title":"Generation of transmitted\/founder HIV-1 infectious molecular clones and characterization of their replication capacity in CD4 T lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages","volume":"86","author":"C Ochsenbauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090378","article-title":"Genetic identity, biological phenotype, and evolutionary pathways of transmitted\/founder viruses in acute and early HIV-1 infection","volume":"206","author":"JF Salazar-Gonzalez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref18","first-page":"135","article-title":"Humanized mouse models of HIV infection","volume":"13","author":"PW Denton","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS reviews"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1431","article-title":"Humanized mice mount specific adaptive and innate immune responses to EBV and TSST-1","volume":"12","author":"MW Melkus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3311","article-title":"Humanized mice for immune system investigation: progress, promise and challenges","volume":"12","author":"LD Shultz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"149","article-title":"Functional and phenotypic characterization of the humanized BLT mouse model","volume":"324","author":"AK Wege","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit318","article-title":"BLT humanized mice as model to study HIV vaginal transmission","volume":"208","author":"M Deruaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7582","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00537-11","article-title":"One percent tenofovir applied topically to humanized BLT mice and used according to the CAPRISA 004 experimental design demonstrates partial protection from vaginal HIV infection, validating the BLT model for evaluation of new microbicide candidates","volume":"85","author":"PW Denton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2010.11.005","article-title":"Immune reconstitution of the female reproductive tract of humanized BLT mice and their susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"88","author":"R Olesen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.03.007","article-title":"Mucosal HIV-1 transmission and prevention strategies in BLT humanized mice","volume":"20","author":"PW Denton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050016","article-title":"Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis prevents vaginal transmission of HIV-1 in humanized BLT mice","volume":"5","author":"PW Denton","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8829","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008829","article-title":"Systemic administration of antiretrovirals prior to exposure prevents rectal and intravenous HIV-1 transmission in humanized BLT mice","volume":"5","author":"PW Denton","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"US-FDA. Truvada for PrEP Fact Sheet: Ensuring Safe and Proper Use. Silver Spring, MD: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/NewsEvents\/Newsroom\/FactSheets\/UCM312279.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/NewsEvents\/Newsroom\/FactSheets\/UCM312279.pdf<\/ext-link>, 2012."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2012.01.004","article-title":"Formulation, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of topical microbicides","volume":"26","author":"JL Adams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.6.1671-1681.2001","article-title":"Thermoreversible gel formulations containing sodium lauryl sulfate or n-Lauroylsarcosine as potential topical microbicides against sexually transmitted diseases","volume":"45","author":"S Roy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.03.019","article-title":"In situ-forming hydrogels\u2014review of temperature-sensitive systems","volume":"58","author":"E Ruel-Gariepy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.09.015","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a thermosensitive vaginal gel containing raltegravir+efavirenz loaded nanoparticles for HIV prophylaxis","volume":"96","author":"AA Date","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2010.07.004","article-title":"Formulation of mucoadhesive vaginal hydrogels insensitive to dilution with vaginal fluids","volume":"76","author":"A Aka-Any-Grah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.06.036","article-title":"In vivo distribution of surface-modified PLGA nanoparticles following intravaginal delivery","volume":"156","author":"Y Cu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-008-9765-2","article-title":"Targeted delivery of PSC-RANTES for HIV-1 prevention using biodegradable nanoparticles","volume":"26","author":"AS Ham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.06.008","article-title":"Polymer nanoparticles encapsulating siRNA for treatment of HSV-2 genital infection","volume":"162","author":"JM Steinbach","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2444","article-title":"Intravaginal gene silencing using biodegradable polymer nanoparticles densely loaded with small-interfering RNA","volume":"8","author":"KA Woodrow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature materials"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq318","article-title":"Antiretroviral release from poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles in mice","volume":"65","author":"CJ Destache","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"138","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138ra79","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003453","article-title":"Mucus-penetrating nanoparticles for vaginal drug delivery protect against herpes simplex virus","volume":"4","author":"LM Ensign","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.01.057","article-title":"The Uptake and Intracellular Fate of PLGA Nanoparticles in Epithelial Cells","volume":"30","author":"MS Cartiera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00986-09","article-title":"TMC278, a next-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), active against wild-type and NNRTI-resistant HIV-1","volume":"54","author":"H Azijn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S122","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182986f69","article-title":"Preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: where have we been and where are we going?","volume":"63","author":"JM Baeten","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"9338","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11079-8","article-title":"Effectiveness of COL-1492, a nonoxynol-9 vaginal gel, on HIV-1 transmission in female sex workers: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"360","author":"L Van Damme","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1202614","article-title":"Preexposure prophylaxis for HIV infection among African women","volume":"367","author":"L Van Damme","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402269","article-title":"Tenofovir-Based Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Infection among African Women","volume":"372","author":"JM Marrazzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-198","article-title":"Combination antiretroviral drugs in PLGA nanoparticle for HIV-1","volume":"9","author":"CJ Destache","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06120-11","article-title":"Generation of HIV latency in humanized BLT mice","volume":"86","author":"PW Denton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062411","article-title":"Intrarectal transmission, systemic infection, and CD4+ T cell depletion in humanized mice infected with HIV-1","volume":"204","author":"Z Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5705","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.9.5705-5712.2005","article-title":"Inhibition of lysosome and proteasome function enhances human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection","volume":"79","author":"BL Wei","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003242","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003242","article-title":"HIV restriction by APOBEC3 in humanized mice","volume":"9","author":"JF Krisko","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002732","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002732","article-title":"Human breast milk and antiretrovirals dramatically reduce oral HIV-1 transmission in BLT humanized mice","volume":"8","author":"A Wahl","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005170","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]],"date-time":"2015-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444953600000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005075","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T01:32:51Z","timestamp":1588987971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005075"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ronald C.","family":"Desrosiers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005075","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005170","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]]}}}