{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:29:32Z","timestamp":1790501372114,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]],"date-time":"2016-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/L011530\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/L011530\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]],"date-time":"2016-11-02T17:37:44Z","timestamp":1478108264000},"page":"e1005991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["A Trematode Parasite Derived Growth Factor Binds and Exerts Influences on Host Immune Functions via Host Cytokine Receptor Complexes"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Azad A.","family":"Sulaiman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Zolnierczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ornampai","family":"Japa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben C.","family":"Maddison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6855-5481","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard D.","family":"Emes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Hodgkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin C.","family":"Gough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5304-3088","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robin J.","family":"Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1840","article-title":"Fasciola hepatica is associated with the failure to detect bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle","volume":"3","author":"J Claridge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013000528","article-title":"Identification of putative markers of triclabendazole resistance by a genome-wide analysis of genetically recombinant Fasciola hepatica","volume":"140","author":"J Hodgkinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"6 Pt A","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2014.09.006","article-title":"Fascioliasis: a worldwide parasitic disease of importance in travel medicine","volume":"12","author":"K Ashrafi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Travel medicine and infectious disease"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1806.120302","article-title":"Apparent triclabendazole-resistant human Fasciola hepatica infection, the Netherlands","volume":"18","author":"AJ Winkelhagen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerging infectious diseases"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Savioli L, Daumerie D, World Health Organization. Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Sustaining the drive to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases: second WHO report on neglected tropical diseases. xii, 138 pages p."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.02.015","article-title":"Coordinating innate and adaptive immunity in Fasciola hepatica infection: implications for control","volume":"169","author":"RJ Flynn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Veterinary parasitology"},{"issue":"34","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.06.039","article-title":"Protection of cattle against a natural infection of Fasciola hepatica by vaccination with recombinant cathepsin L1 (rFhCL1)","volume":"28","author":"O Golden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.05.008","article-title":"The roles of IL-10 and TGF-beta in controlling IL-4 and IFN-gamma production during experimental Fasciola hepatica infection","volume":"38","author":"RJ Flynn","year":"2008","journal-title":"International journal for parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0141-9838.2001.00438.x","article-title":"Fasciola hepatica cathepsin L suppresses sheep lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and modulates surface CD4 expression on human and ovine T cells","volume":"24","author":"RK Prowse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasite immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(93)90172-T","article-title":"Cathepsin L proteinase secreted by Fasciola hepatica in vitro prevents antibody-mediated eosinophil attachment to newly excysted juveniles","volume":"62","author":"C Carmona","year":"1993","journal-title":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2307","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002307","article-title":"Cathelicidin-like helminth defence molecules (HDMs): absence of cytotoxic, anti-microbial and anti-protozoan activities imply a specific adaptation to immune modulation","volume":"7","author":"K Thivierge","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-9-28","article-title":"Emergence, development and diversification of the TGF-beta signalling pathway within the animal kingdom","volume":"9","author":"L Huminiecki","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC evolutionary biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030052","article-title":"TGF-beta signaling controls embryo development in the parasitic flatworm Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"3","author":"TC Freitas","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.05.016","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of a bone morphogenetic protein homologue of Schistosoma japonicum","volume":"135","author":"R Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Experimental parasitology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5372","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.10.5372-5378.1999","article-title":"Fasciola hepatica suppresses a protective Th1 response against Bordetella pertussis","volume":"67","author":"MT Brady","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infection and immunity"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"TGF-beta signaling in C. elegans","volume":"2013","author":"TL Gumienny","journal-title":"WormBook: the online review of C elegans biology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-015-0167-2","article-title":"TGF-beta superfamily members from the helminth Fasciola hepatica show intrinsic effects on viability and development","volume":"46","author":"O Japa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Veterinary research"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1990.tb05461.x","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta 1 inhibits activation of macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 for cell killing","volume":"82","author":"M Haak-Frendscho","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clinical and experimental immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.55.1.81","article-title":"Interleukin-2 suppresses activated macrophage intracellular killing activity by inducing macrophages to secrete TGF-beta","volume":"55","author":"BJ Nelson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of leukocyte biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.05.032","article-title":"TGF-beta-responsive myeloid cells suppress type 2 immunity and emphysematous pathology after hookworm infection","volume":"181","author":"L Heitmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"The American journal of pathology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20150117","article-title":"Schistosome-induced cholangiocyte proliferation and osteopontin secretion correlate with fibrosis and portal hypertension in human and murine schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"129","author":"TA Pereira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical science"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101074","article-title":"Helminth secretions induce de novo T cell Foxp3 expression and regulatory function through the TGF-beta pathway","volume":"207","author":"JR Grainger","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of experimental medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201142161","article-title":"Suppression of type 2 immunity and allergic airway inflammation by secreted products of the helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus","volume":"42","author":"HJ McSorley","year":"2012","journal-title":"European journal of immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1994.1042","article-title":"An assay for transforming growth factor-beta using cells transfected with a plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter-luciferase construct","volume":"216","author":"M Abe","year":"1994","journal-title":"Analytical biochemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90192-9","article-title":"The transforming growth factor-beta system, a complex pattern of cross-reactive ligands and receptors","volume":"48","author":"S Cheifetz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.3.11.1295","article-title":"Characterization of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptors on BeWo choriocarcinoma cells including the identification of a novel 38-kDa TGF-beta binding glycoprotein","volume":"3","author":"EJ Mitchell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Molecular biology of the cell"},{"issue":"6659","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/37284","article-title":"TGF-beta signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins","volume":"390","author":"CH Heldin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.04.006","article-title":"Impaired resistance in early secondary Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infections in mice with defective eosinophilopoeisis","volume":"37","author":"ML Knott","year":"2007","journal-title":"International journal for parasitology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-04-015933","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni infection in eosinophil lineage-ablated mice","volume":"108","author":"JM Swartz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(94)90180-5","article-title":"Mechanism of inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse B-cell responses by transforming growth factor-beta 1","volume":"40","author":"C Bouchard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunology letters"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1006\/cbir.2001.0832","article-title":"Overexpression of the type II transforming growth factor-beta receptor inhibits fibroblasts proliferation and activates extracellular signal regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase","volume":"26","author":"HJ Goldberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell biology international"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.27.266","article-title":"Fucoidan modulates the effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 on fibroblast proliferation and wound repopulation in in vitro models of dermal wound repair","volume":"27","author":"R O'Leary","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118565","article-title":"Modulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor levels on microvascular endothelial cells during in vitro angiogenesis","volume":"97","author":"S Sankar","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Journal of clinical investigation"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.091249","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta-dependent growth inhibition in primary vascular smooth muscle cells is p38-dependent","volume":"315","author":"U Seay","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0177(199703)208:3<375::AID-AJA8>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Mitogenic and anti-proliferative signals for neural crest cells and the neurogenic action of TGF-beta1","volume":"208","author":"JM Zhang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Developmental dynamics: an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.164","article-title":"Local arginase 1 activity is required for cutaneous wound healing","volume":"133","author":"L Campbell","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of investigative dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.62.1.65","article-title":"SB-431542 is a potent and specific inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta superfamily type I activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) receptors ALK4, ALK5, and ALK7","volume":"62","author":"GJ Inman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/nri978","article-title":"Alternative activation of macrophages","volume":"3","author":"S Gordon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature reviews Immunology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4557","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.7.4557","article-title":"Infection with a helminth parasite prevents experimental colitis via a macrophage-mediated mechanism","volume":"178","author":"P Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401217","article-title":"A novel regulatory macrophage induced by a helminth molecule instructs IL-10 in CD4+ T cells and protects against mucosal inflammation","volume":"194","author":"T Ziegler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref41","first-page":"430","article-title":"In vitro effect of immune serum and bovine granulocytes on juvenile Fasciola hepatica","volume":"41","author":"WP Duffus","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clinical and experimental immunology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1998.00144.x","article-title":"Protection of Fasciola hepatica in the gut mucosa of immune rats is associated with infiltrates of eosinophils, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies around the parasites","volume":"20","author":"FJ Van Milligen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasite immunology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(95)00858-6","article-title":"Immune responses of chronically infected adult cattle to Fasciola hepatica","volume":"62","author":"D Clery","year":"1996","journal-title":"Veterinary parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(78)90063-4","article-title":"Effects of experimental Salmonella dublin infection in cattle given Fasciola hepatica thirteen weeks previously","volume":"88","author":"MM Aitken","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of comparative pathology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5839","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.10.5839","article-title":"Regulatory T cell responses develop in parallel to Th responses and control the magnitude and phenotype of the Th effector population","volume":"176","author":"JJ Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803803","article-title":"Infection with a helminth parasite attenuates autoimmunity through TGF-beta-mediated suppression of Th17 and Th1 responses","volume":"183","author":"KP Walsh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of immunology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2003.10.033","article-title":"Helminths at mucosal barriers\u2014interaction with the immune system","volume":"56","author":"G Mulcahy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Advanced drug delivery reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182015001481","article-title":"Development of a versatile in vitro method for understanding the migration of Fasciola hepatica newly excysted juveniles","volume":"143","author":"A Garcia-Campos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/3284308","article-title":"Proteinases secreted by Fasciola hepatica degrade extracellular matrix and basement membrane components","volume":"83","author":"P Berasain","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journal of parasitology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2007.07.002","article-title":"Alternatively activated macrophages in helminth infections","volume":"19","author":"T Kreider","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141717","article-title":"Regulatory macrophages: setting the threshold for therapy","volume":"41","author":"BD Fleming","year":"2011","journal-title":"European journal of immunology"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.06.003","article-title":"Role of the programmed Death-1 pathway in the suppressive activity of alternatively activated macrophages in experimental cysticercosis","volume":"35","author":"LI Terrazas","year":"2005","journal-title":"International journal for parasitology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0406249","article-title":"Biochemical and functional characterization of three activated macrophage populations","volume":"80","author":"JP Edwards","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of leukocyte biology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3206","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003206","article-title":"Brugia malayi microfilariae induce a regulatory monocyte\/macrophage phenotype that suppresses innate and adaptive immune responses","volume":"8","author":"NL O'Regan","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1204699","article-title":"Negative regulatory role of mannose receptors on human alveolar macrophage proinflammatory cytokine release in vitro","volume":"78","author":"J Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of leukocyte biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.09.005","article-title":"In vivo depletion of CD206+ M2 macrophages exaggerates lung injury in endotoxemic mice","volume":"185","author":"K Kambara","year":"2015","journal-title":"The American journal of pathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01034-06","article-title":"Peritoneal lavage cells of Indonesian thin-tail sheep mediate antibody-dependent superoxide radical cytotoxicity in vitro against newly excysted juvenile Fasciola gigantica but not juvenile Fasciola hepatica","volume":"75","author":"D Piedrafita","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infection and immunity"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1998.4248","article-title":"A novel member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily from the filarial nematodes Brugia malayi and B. pahangi","volume":"88","author":"N Gomez-Escobar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Experimental parasitology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3185","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003185","article-title":"RNAi dynamics in Juvenile Fasciola spp. Liver flukes reveals the persistence of gene silencing in vitro","volume":"8","author":"P McVeigh","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(90)90029-U","article-title":"Removal of endotoxin from protein solutions by phase separation using Triton X-114","volume":"132","author":"Y Aida","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of immunological methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00732-07","article-title":"Possible role for Toll-like receptors in interaction of Fasciola hepatica excretory\/secretory products with bovine macrophages","volume":"76","author":"RJ Flynn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infection and immunity"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2014.02.002","article-title":"Comparison of small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery into bovine monocyte-derived macrophages by transfection and electroporation","volume":"158","author":"K Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(94)90027-2","article-title":"Determination of arginase activity in macrophages: a micromethod","volume":"174","author":"IM Corraliza","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of immunological methods"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-103","article-title":"Increase of cells expressing PD-L1 in bovine leukemia virus infection and enhancement of anti-viral immune responses in vitro via PD-L1 blockade","volume":"42","author":"R Ikebuchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veterinary research"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(98)00026-X","article-title":"A novel ex vivo rat infection model to study protective immunity against Fasciola hepatica at the gut level","volume":"213","author":"FJ van Milligen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of immunological methods"}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005991","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T02:59:01Z","timestamp":1601175541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005991"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"William C","family":"Gause","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005991","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]]}}}