{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:45:01Z","timestamp":1790178301644,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006567","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503446400000}}],"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002765","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Technologie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KF2437603MD3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KF2437603MD3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003500","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DOR1692572\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOR1692572\/16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T21:34:14Z","timestamp":1502487254000},"page":"e1006567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Botulinum neurotoxin C mutants reveal different effects of syntaxin or SNAP-25 proteolysis on neuromuscular transmission"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9350-1047","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giulia","family":"Zanetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Sikorra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0645-1641","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andreas","family":"Rummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4334-501X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nadja","family":"Krez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1409-4063","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elisa","family":"Duregotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8038-1696","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuele","family":"Negro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Henke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6113-3857","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ornella","family":"Rossetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9133-3617","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas","family":"Binz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4127-254X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marco","family":"Pirazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3295","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxins: genetic, structural and mechanistic insights","volume":"12","author":"O Rossetto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02131-14","article-title":"On botulinum neurotoxin variability","volume":"6","author":"C Montecucco","year":"2015","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","article-title":"Historical Perspectives and Guidelines for Botulinum Neurotoxin Subtype Nomenclature","volume":"9","author":"MW Peck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.46.1.86-94.1982","article-title":"Bacterial toxins: a table of lethal amounts","volume":"46","author":"DM Gill","year":"1982","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.116.012658","article-title":"Botulinum Neurotoxins: Biology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology","volume":"69","author":"M Pirazzini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0072-9752(07)01511-4","article-title":"Botulism","volume":"91","author":"EA Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"307","article-title":"Botulinum toxin: application, safety, and limitations","volume":"364","author":"H Bigalke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.3.701","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type B: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, safety and efficacy study in cervical dystonia","volume":"49","author":"MF Lew","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06093.x","article-title":"Cell entry strategy of clostridial neurotoxins","volume":"109","author":"T Binz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Two Feet on the Membrane: Uptake of Clostridial Neurotoxins","author":"A Rummel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.051908.125345","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin: a marvel of protein design","volume":"79","author":"M Montal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2015.08.014","article-title":"On the translocation of botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins across the membrane of acidic intracellular compartments","volume":"1858","author":"M Pirazzini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys acta"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"139","article-title":"Clostridial neurotoxin light chains: devices for SNARE cleavage mediated blockade of neurotransmission","volume":"364","author":"T Binz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-013-1380-7","article-title":"The blockade of the neurotransmitter release apparatus by botulinum neurotoxins","volume":"71","author":"S Pantano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a005637","article-title":"Synaptic vesicle exocytosis","volume":"3","author":"TC Sudhof","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"6398","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1038\/359832a0","article-title":"Tetanus and botulinum-B neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release by proteolytic cleavage of synaptobrevin","volume":"359","author":"G Schiavo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11516","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50230-7","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin serotype F is a zinc endopeptidase specific for VAMP\/synaptobrevin","volume":"268","author":"G Schiavo","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"32","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23784","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)80452-9","article-title":"Identification of the nerve terminal targets of botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A, D, and E","volume":"268","author":"G Schiavo","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"32","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31976-2","article-title":"Botulinum G neurotoxin cleaves VAMP\/synaptobrevin at a single Ala-Ala peptide bond","volume":"269","author":"G Schiavo","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(93)80448-4","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxins serotypes A and E cleave SNAP-25 at distinct COOH-terminal peptide bonds","volume":"335","author":"G Schiavo","year":"1993","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"6442","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/365160a0","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin A selectively cleaves the synaptic protein SNAP-25","volume":"365","author":"J Blasi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4821","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06171.x","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin C1 blocks neurotransmitter release by means of cleaving HPC-1\/syntaxin","volume":"12","author":"J Blasi","year":"1993","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7694","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.13.7694","article-title":"Clostridial neurotoxins and substrate proteolysis in intact neurons: botulinum neurotoxin C acts on synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa","volume":"271","author":"LC Williamson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9519009","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin C1 cleaves both syntaxin and SNAP-25 in intact and permeabilized chromaffin cells: correlation with its blockade of catecholamine release","volume":"35","author":"P Foran","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/S1044-7431(02)00016-7","article-title":"Dynamics of motor nerve terminal remodeling unveiled using SNARE-cleaving botulinum toxins: the extent and duration are dictated by the sites of SNAP-25 truncation","volume":"22","author":"FrA Meunier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.08.017","article-title":"Thioredoxin and its reductase are present on synaptic vesicles, and their inhibition prevents the paralysis induced by botulinum neurotoxins","volume":"8","author":"M Pirazzini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5322","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7124887","article-title":"Snake and Spider Toxins Induce a Rapid Recovery of Function of Botulinum Neurotoxin Paralysed Neuromuscular Junction","volume":"7","author":"E Duregotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2015.09.023","article-title":"Inhibition of botulinum neurotoxins interchain disulfide bond reduction prevents the peripheral neuroparalysis of botulism","volume":"98","author":"G Zanetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00775-7","article-title":"Different time courses of recovery after poisoning with botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A and E in humans","volume":"256","author":"R Eleopra","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033930","article-title":"Clinical use of non-A botulinum toxins: botulinum toxin type C and botulinum toxin type F","volume":"9","author":"R Eleopra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0720327.x","article-title":"Proteolysis of SNAP-25 isoforms by botulinum neurotoxin types A, C, and E: domains and amino acid residues controlling the formation of enzyme-substrate complexes and cleavage","volume":"72","author":"VV Vaidyanathan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.1021\/bi200290p","article-title":"Syntaxin requirement for Ca2+-triggered exocytosis in neurons and endocrine cells demonstrated with an engineered neurotoxin","volume":"50","author":"D Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.06.019","article-title":"The thioredoxin reductase\u2014Thioredoxin redox system cleaves the interchain disulphide bond of botulinum neurotoxins on the cytosolic surface of synaptic vesicles","volume":"107","author":"M Pirazzini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02844.x","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin type D enables cytosolic delivery of enzymatically active cargo proteins to neurones via unfolded translocation intermediates","volume":"91","author":"S Bade","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2013.10.010","article-title":"Neutralisation of specific surface carboxylates speeds up translocation of botulinum neurotoxin type B enzymatic domain","volume":"587","author":"M Pirazzini","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5035","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7124861","article-title":"Generation and Characterization of Six Recombinant Botulinum Neurotoxins as Reference Material to Serve in an International Proficiency Test","volume":"7","author":"J Weisemann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3689","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0375-08.2008","article-title":"Long-distance retrograde effects of botulinum neurotoxin A","volume":"28","author":"F Antonucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17513","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17513","article-title":"A Novel Inhibitor Prevents the Peripheral Neuroparalysis of Botulinum Neurotoxins","volume":"5","author":"D Azarnia Tehran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200406126","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin C initiates two different programs for neurite degeneration and neuronal apoptosis","volume":"168","author":"L Berliocchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2462","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of botulinum neurotoxins reveals a direct role of syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25 in neuron survival","volume":"4","author":"L Peng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33220","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.8903","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin type C protease induces apoptosis in differentiated human neuroblastoma cells","volume":"7","author":"A Rust","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06298.x","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxins C, E and F bind gangliosides via a conserved binding site prior to stimulation-dependent uptake with botulinum neurotoxin F utilising the three isoforms of SV2 as second receptor","volume":"110","author":"A Rummel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4895","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7124855","article-title":"Botulinum Neurotoxins: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis Using the Mouse Phrenic Nerve Hemidiaphragm Assay (MPN)","volume":"7","author":"H Bigalke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2011.04.003","article-title":"Phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm as a highly sensitive replacement assay for determination of functional botulinum toxin antibodies","volume":"57","author":"C Rasetti-Escargueil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07682.x","article-title":"The biological activity of botulinum neurotoxin type C is dependent upon novel types of ganglioside binding sites","volume":"81","author":"J Strotmeier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.12.008","article-title":"BoNT\/AB hybrid maintains similar duration of paresis as BoNT\/A wild-type in murine running wheel assay","volume":"59","author":"A Kutschenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1994.1181","article-title":"Measurement of botulinum toxin activity: evaluation of the lethality assay","volume":"128","author":"LB Pearce","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"Suppl 8","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20010","article-title":"Different types of botulinum toxin in humans","volume":"19","author":"R Eleopra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00101-5","article-title":"A comparison of the safety margins of botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A, B, and F in mice","volume":"39","author":"KR Aoki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05529.x","article-title":"Neuromuscular paralysis and recovery in mice injected with botulinum neurotoxins A and C","volume":"25","author":"L Morbiato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00247-4","article-title":"Syntaxin 1A and 1B display distinct distribution patterns in the rat peripheral nervous system","volume":"88","author":"F Aguado","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.022","article-title":"Neurotransmitter release: the last millisecond in the life of a synaptic vesicle","volume":"80","author":"TC Sudhof","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880100514","article-title":"Aminoglycosides and 3,4-diaminopyridine on neuromuscular block caused by botulinum type A toxin","volume":"10","author":"J Molgo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12722","article-title":"HPC-1\/syntaxin 1A and syntaxin 1B play distinct roles in neuronal survival","volume":"130","author":"T Kofuji","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00577.2015","article-title":"Syntaxin 1B is important for mouse postnatal survival and proper synaptic function at the mouse neuromuscular junctions","volume":"114","author":"YJ Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2005.05.002","article-title":"SNARE complexes and neuroexocytosis: how many, how close?","volume":"30","author":"C Montecucco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)13448-6","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin serotype C: a novel effective botulinum toxin therapy in human","volume":"224","author":"R Eleopra","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00103-7","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A and C do not affect motor units survival in humans: an electrophysiological study by motor units counting","volume":"113","author":"R Eleopra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.6.3200","article-title":"Functional repair of motor endplates after botulinum neurotoxin type A poisoning: biphasic switch of synaptic activity between nerve sprouts and their parent terminals","volume":"96","author":"A de Paiva","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"Suppl 8","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S116","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20025","article-title":"Botulinum toxin treatment of occupational and focal hand dystonia","volume":"19","author":"BI Karp","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-014-1252-9","article-title":"Safety aspects of incobotulinumtoxinA high-dose therapy","volume":"122","author":"D Dressler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.01.033","article-title":"Employment of higher doses of botulinum toxin type A to reduce spasticity after stroke","volume":"350","author":"A Santamato","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.11.004","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin serotype D is poorly effective in humans: an in vivo electrophysiological study","volume":"124","author":"R Eleopra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-011613-135935","article-title":"Engineered botulinum neurotoxins as new therapeutics","volume":"54","author":"G Masuyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"2 Pt A","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2015.10.024","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin A Substrate Binding Pockets and Their Re-Engineering for Human SNAP-23","volume":"428","author":"S Sikorra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(95)48041-2","article-title":"Tetanus and botulism neurotoxins: isolation and assay","volume":"248","author":"G Schiavo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"143","article-title":"Growth of clostridia and preparation of their neurotoxins","volume":"195","author":"CC Shone","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10566","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.18.10566","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin type C cleaves a single Lys-Ala bond within the carboxyl-terminal region of syntaxins","volume":"270","author":"G Schiavo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0157969","article-title":"Arg(362) and Tyr(365) of the botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain are involved in transition state stabilization","volume":"41","author":"T Binz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochemistry"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006567","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503446400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006567","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T02:59:52Z","timestamp":1659322792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006567"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Bruce A.","family":"McClane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006567","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006567","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]}}}