{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:58:54Z","timestamp":1790078334726,"version":"4.0.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006663","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,12]],"date-time":"2017-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507766400000}}],"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]],"date-time":"2017-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1045608 and 1058542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1045608 and 1058542"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]],"date-time":"2017-10-02T17:50:49Z","timestamp":1506966649000},"page":"e1006663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Effects of glutamate and ivermectin on single glutamate-gated chloride channels of the parasitic nematode H. contortus"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1264-0200","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Atif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1359-4659","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Argel","family":"Estrada-Mondragon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0898-7439","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bindi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1227-2252","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joseph W.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2846-052X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Angelo","family":"Keramidas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1976.sp011289","article-title":"Two types of extrajunctional L-glutamate receptors in locust muscle fibres","volume":"255","author":"SG Cull-Candy","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)90343-3","article-title":"Three types of L-glutamate receptor on junctional membrane of locust muscle fibres","volume":"171","author":"KA Gration","year":"1979","journal-title":"Brain research"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012381","article-title":"The pharmacological properties of some crustacean neuronal acetylcholine, \u03b3-aminobutyric acid, and L-glutamate responses","volume":"280","author":"E Marder","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"48","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40232","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R112.406280","article-title":"Glutamate-gated chloride channels","volume":"287","author":"AJ Wolstenholme","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of biological chemistry"},{"issue":"6499","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/371707a0","article-title":"Cloning of an avermectin-sensitive glutamate-gated chloride channel from <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/italic>","volume":"371","author":"DF Cully","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7349","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10139","article-title":"Principles of activation and permeation in an anion-selective Cys-loop receptor","volume":"474","author":"RE Hibbs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7514","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13669","article-title":"X-ray structures of GluCl in <italic>apo<\/italic> states reveal a gating mechanism of Cys-loop receptors","volume":"512","author":"T Althoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"48","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10924","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3424-04.2004","article-title":"Single-channel behavior of heteromeric \u03b11\u03b2 glycine receptors: an attempt to detect a conformational change before the channel opens","volume":"24","author":"V Burzomato","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Agonist activation of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor","author":"A Auerbach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3984","article-title":"Functional anatomy of an allosteric protein","volume":"4","author":"P Purohit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201611584","article-title":"Improved resolution of single channel dwell times reveals mechanisms of binding, priming, and gating in muscle AChR","volume":"148","author":"N Mukhtasimova","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2009.06.018","article-title":"Single-channel kinetic analysis for activation and desensitization of homomeric 5-HT(3)A receptors","volume":"97","author":"J Corradi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biophysical journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.200910317","article-title":"The activation mechanism of \u03b11\u03b22\u03b32S and \u03b13\u03b23\u03b32S GABA<sub>A<\/sub> receptors","volume":"135","author":"A Keramidas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5399","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.514695","article-title":"GABA<sub>A<\/sub> receptor \u03b1 and \u03b3 subunits shape synaptic currents via different mechanisms","volume":"289","author":"C Dixon","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of biological chemistry"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.099093","article-title":"Modes and models of GABA(A) receptor gating","volume":"572","author":"GM Lema","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201411234","article-title":"Mechanism of activation of the prokaryotic channel ELIC by propylamine: a single-channel study","volume":"145","author":"A Marabelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(98)00148-0","article-title":"Cloning and localisation of an avermectin receptor-related subunit from <italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/italic>","volume":"97","author":"NS Delany","year":"1998","journal-title":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006469117230","article-title":"Parasitic copepods (<italic>Copepoda<\/italic>: <italic>Siphonostomatoida<\/italic>) from deep-sea and mid-water fishes","volume":"47","author":"GA Boxshall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Systematic parasitology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.08.006","article-title":"Ecology of sea lice parasitic on farmed and wild fish","volume":"22","author":"MJ Costello","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends in parasitology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicol J, Turner, SJ, Coyne, DL, Nijs, L den, Hockland, S and Tahna, M. Current Nematode Threats to World Agriculture. 2011:21\u201343.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0434-3_2"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2004.08.001","article-title":"Drug resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance: a status report","volume":"20","author":"RM Kaplan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends in parasitology"},{"issue":"Pt 10","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.118570","article-title":"Characterization of the target of ivermectin, the glutamate-gated chloride channel, from <italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/italic>","volume":"218","author":"JI Meyers","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"9541","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69440-3","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis","volume":"368","author":"B Gryseels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"35","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10190","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201602164","article-title":"A Splendid Gift from the Earth: The Origins and Impact of the Avermectins (Nobel Lecture)","volume":"55","author":"S Omura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005008218","article-title":"Glutamate-gated chloride channels and the mode of action of the avermectin\/milbemycin anthelmintics","volume":"131","author":"AJ Wolstenholme","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.2174\/138920112800399158","article-title":"Avermectin use in aquaculture","volume":"13","author":"TE Horsberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology"},{"issue":"6068","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1214318","article-title":"Natural variation in a chloride channel subunit confers avermectin resistance in <italic>C<\/italic>. <italic>elegans<\/italic>","volume":"335","author":"R Ghosh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12271","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of anthelmintic resistance in ovine gastrointestinal nematodes in Australia (2009\u20132012)","volume":"92","author":"MC Playford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Australian veterinary journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e998","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000998","article-title":"Phenotypic evidence of emerging ivermectin resistance in <italic>Onchocerca volvulus<\/italic>","volume":"5","author":"MY Osei-Atweneboana","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.07.010","article-title":"A glycine residue essential for high ivermectin sensitivity in Cys-loop ion channel receptors","volume":"40","author":"T Lynagh","year":"2010","journal-title":"International journal for parasitology"},{"issue":"51","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43913","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.262634","article-title":"Molecular determinants of ivermectin sensitivity at the glycine receptor chloride channel","volume":"286","author":"T Lynagh","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of biological chemistry"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Subunit stoichiometry and arrangement in a heteromeric glutamate-gated chloride channel","author":"N Degani-Katzav","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00092","article-title":"Mutational Analysis at Intersubunit Interfaces of an Anionic Glutamate Receptor Reveals a Key Interaction Important for Channel Gating by Ivermectin","volume":"10","author":"N Degani-Katzav","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in molecular neuroscience"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2017.05.006","article-title":"Mutations on M3 helix of <italic>Plutella xylostella<\/italic> glutamate-gated chloride channel confer unequal resistance to abamectin by two different mechanisms","volume":"86","author":"X Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2010.01017.x","article-title":"A point mutation in a glutamate-gated chloride channel confers abamectin resistance in the two-spotted spider mite, <italic>Tetranychus urticae Koch<\/italic>","volume":"19","author":"DH Kwon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2012.03.002","article-title":"The cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel gene family of <italic>Tetranychus urticae<\/italic>: implications for acaricide toxicology and a novel mutation associated with abamectin resistance","volume":"42","author":"W Dermauw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2012.05.002","article-title":"Ivermectin binding sites in human and invertebrate Cys-loop receptors","volume":"33","author":"T Lynagh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201611649","article-title":"In praise of single channel kinetics","volume":"148","author":"L Sivilotti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10735","article-title":"Distribution of glutamate-gated chloride channel subunits in the parasitic nematode <italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/italic>","volume":"462","author":"V Portillo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(03)00172-3","article-title":"The avermectin receptors of <italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/italic> and <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/italic>","volume":"33","author":"DM Yates","year":"2003","journal-title":"International journal for parasitology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.108.053363","article-title":"An ivermectin-sensitive glutamate-gated chloride channel from the parasitic nematode <italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/italic>","volume":"75","author":"S McCavera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecular pharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(01)00258-4","article-title":"High-affinity ivermectin binding to recombinant subunits of the <italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/italic> glutamate-gated chloride channel","volume":"114","author":"CL Cheeseman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.02.012","article-title":"Anthelmintic Resistance in <italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/italic>: History, Mechanisms and Diagnosis","volume":"93","author":"AC Kotze","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2015.00055","article-title":"Functional characterization of ivermectin binding sites in \u03b11\u03b22\u03b32L GABA(A) receptors","volume":"8","author":"A Estrada-Mondragon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in molecular neuroscience"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14890","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.107789","article-title":"An improved ivermectin-activated chloride channel receptor for inhibiting electrical activity in defined neuronal populations","volume":"285","author":"T Lynagh","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of biological chemistry"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00164-3","article-title":"Activation of rat recombinant \u03b11\u03b22\u03b32S GABA(A) receptor by the insecticide ivermectin","volume":"394","author":"H Adelsberger","year":"2000","journal-title":"European journal of pharmacology"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6829","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7829","article-title":"The desensitization gate of inhibitory Cys-loop receptors","volume":"6","author":"M Gielen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"issue":"44","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38814","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.273631","article-title":"Activation and desensitization induce distinct conformational changes at the extracellular-transmembrane domain interface of the glycine receptor","volume":"286","author":"Q Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of biological chemistry"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-1133-z","article-title":"An outline of desensitization in pentameric ligand-gated ion channel receptors","volume":"70","author":"A Keramidas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1988.sp017019","article-title":"Dependence of acetylcholine receptor channel kinetics on agonist concentration in cultured mouse muscle fibres","volume":"397","author":"MB Jackson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.102756","article-title":"The pre-M1 segment of the \u03b11 subunit is a transduction element in the activation of the GABA<sub>A<\/sub> receptor","volume":"575","author":"A Keramidas","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90152-X","article-title":"How quickly can GABA<sub>A<\/sub> receptors open?","volume":"12","author":"DJ Maconochie","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Correlating structural and energetic changes in glycine receptor activation","author":"S Scott","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of biological chemistry"},{"issue":"5937","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1038\/305805a0","article-title":"Activation of multiple-conductance state chloride channels in spinal neurones by glycine and GABA","volume":"305","author":"OP Hamill","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"A G326E substitution in the glutamate-gated chloride channel 3 (GluCl3) of the two-spotted spider mite <italic>Tetranychus urticae<\/italic> abolishes the agonistic activity of macrocyclic lactones","author":"C Mermans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(01)75909-7","article-title":"Microscopic kinetics and energetics distinguish GABA(A) receptor agonists from antagonists","volume":"81","author":"MV Jones","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biophysical journal"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bb.14.060185.001023","article-title":"Diffusion-controlled macromolecular interactions","volume":"14","author":"OG Berg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201210801","article-title":"An integrated catch-and-hold mechanism activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors","volume":"140","author":"S Jadey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"issue":"7118","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05324","article-title":"Endogenous neurosteroids regulate GABA<sub>A<\/sub> receptors through two discrete transmembrane sites","volume":"444","author":"AM Hosie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.113.007468","article-title":"Seeking structural specificity: direct modulation of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels by alcohols and general anesthetics","volume":"66","author":"RJ Howard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacological reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.07.011","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ivermectin in domestic animal species","volume":"179","author":"A Gonzalez Canga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"issue":"6996","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02632","article-title":"A membrane-access mechanism of ion channel inhibition by voltage sensor toxins from spider venom","volume":"430","author":"SY Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000063812","article-title":"On the distribution of a fluorescent ivermectin probe (4&quot; 5,7 dimethyl-bodipy proprionylivermectin) in <italic>Ascaris<\/italic> membranes","volume":"104","author":"RJ Martin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"6888","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/417523a","article-title":"The open pore conformation of potassium channels","volume":"417","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(03)70020-4","article-title":"Sequence-function analysis of the K<sup>+<\/sup>-selective family of ion channels using a comprehensive alignment and the KcsA channel structure","volume":"84","author":"RT Shealy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biophysical journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.110.068767","article-title":"Glycine hinges with opposing actions at the acetylcholine receptor-channel transmitter binding site","volume":"79","author":"P Purohit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular pharmacology"},{"issue":"6771","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/35001586","article-title":"Mapping the conformational wave of acetylcholine receptor channel gating","volume":"403","author":"C Grosman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(94)90031-0","article-title":"JPCalc, a software package for calculating liquid junction potential corrections in patch-clamp, intracellular, epithelial and bilayer measurements and for correcting junction potential measurements","volume":"51","author":"PH Barry","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"7572","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14853","article-title":"Glycine receptor mechanism elucidated by electron cryo-microscopy","volume":"526","author":"J Du","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006663","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,12]],"date-time":"2017-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507766400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006663","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T23:47:34Z","timestamp":1750895254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006663"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Adrian J.","family":"Wolstenholme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006663","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006663","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]]}}}