{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:28:44Z","timestamp":1790724524076,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]],"date-time":"2018-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]],"date-time":"2018-04-19T17:28:10Z","timestamp":1524158890000},"page":"e1006928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["ROS and Trypanosoma cruzi: Fuel to infection, poison to the heart"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5605-3572","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claudia N.","family":"Paiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emiliano","family":"Medei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3683-7550","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcelo T.","family":"Bozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3859","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1126\/science.162.3859.1277","article-title":"Deficiency of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide oxidase in chronic granulomatous disease","volume":"162","author":"RL Baehner","year":"1968","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.149.5.1056","article-title":"Activation of macrophages in vivo and in vitro. Correlation between hydrogen peroxide release and killing of Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"149","author":"C Nathan","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.8.2584","article-title":"Reconstitution of a variant macrophage cell line defective in oxygen metabolism with a H2O2-generating system","volume":"79","author":"Y Tanaka","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref4","first-page":"479","article-title":"Pretreatment with phorbol myristate acetate inhibits macrophage activity against intracellular protozoa","volume":"31","author":"HW Murray","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Reticuloendothel Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240220306","article-title":"Oxygen-dependent microbicidal systems of phagocytes and host defense against intracellular protozoa","volume":"22","author":"RM Locksley","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.6.2384","article-title":"Failure of Trypanosoma cruzi to trigger the respiratory burst of activated macrophages. Mechanism for immune evasion and importance of oxygen-independent killing","volume":"144","author":"RE McCabe","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1993.tb00584.x","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi upregulates nitric oxide release by IFN-gamma-preactivated macrophages, limiting cell infection independently of the respiratory burst","volume":"15","author":"G Metz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1989.tb00675.x","article-title":"Susceptible mice present higher macrophage activation than resistant mice during infections with myotropic strains of Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"11","author":"M Russo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(99)00164-9","article-title":"N-Acetylcysteine and glutathione modulate the behaviour of Trypanosoma cruzi experimental infection","volume":"71","author":"AG Guevara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5447","article-title":"Are reactive oxygen species always detrimental to pathogens?","volume":"20","author":"CN Paiva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1179\/135100001101536328","article-title":"Time-dependent oxidative stress caused by benznidazole","volume":"6","author":"RC Pedrosa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Redox Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(82)90383-6","article-title":"Different behaviors of benznidazole as free radical generator with mammalian and Trypanosoma cruzi microsomal preparations","volume":"218","author":"SN Moreno","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5022","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711014105","article-title":"A mechanism for cross-resistance to nifurtimox and benznidazole in trypanosomes","volume":"105","author":"SR Wilkinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2844","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002844","article-title":"Benznidazole biotransformation and multiple targets in Trypanosoma cruzi revealed by metabolomics","volume":"8","author":"A Trochine","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05135-11","article-title":"Activation of benznidazole by trypanosomal type I nitroreductases results in glyoxal formation","volume":"56","author":"BS Hall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2016.05.007","article-title":"The trypanocidal benznidazole promotes adaptive response to oxidative injury: Involvement of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (MRP2)","volume":"304","author":"JP Rigalli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004555","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004555","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi Needs a Signal Provided by Reactive Oxygen Species to Infect Macrophages","volume":"10","author":"GR Goes","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Catalase expression impairs oxidative stress-mediated signalling in Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"144","author":"ACG Freire","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2015.12.003","article-title":"How Trypanosoma cruzi deals with oxidative stress: Antioxidant defence and DNA repair pathways","volume":"767","author":"A Machado-Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1326","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1618611114","article-title":"Kinetics, subcellular localization, and contribution to parasite virulence of a Trypanosoma cruzi hybrid type A heme peroxidase (TcAPx-CcP)","volume":"114","author":"M Hugo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2009.06.011","article-title":"Fighting the oxidative assault: the Trypanosoma cruzi journey to infection","volume":"12","author":"L Piacenza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4618","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi antioxidant enzymes as virulence factors in Chagas disease","volume":"19","author":"L Piacenza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.02.030","article-title":"Phenyl-alpha-tert-butyl-nitrone and benzonidazole treatment controlled the mitochondrial oxidative stress and evolution of cardiomyopathy in chronic chagasic Rats","volume":"55","author":"JJ Wen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2975","article-title":"NADPH oxidase inhibition ameliorates Trypanosoma cruzi-induced myocarditis during Chagas disease","volume":"225","author":"M Dhiman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004516","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004516","article-title":"P47phox-\/- mice are compromised in expansion and activation of CD8+ T cells and susceptible to Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"10","author":"M Dhiman","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3977-7","article-title":"Markers of oxidative stress in adipose tissue during Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"113","author":"JJ Wen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58525","article-title":"Oxidative stress fuels Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice","volume":"122","author":"CN Paiva","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6071","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1214935","article-title":"Disease tolerance as a defense strategy","volume":"335","author":"R Medzhitov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.136","article-title":"Disease tolerance and immunity in host protection against infection","volume":"17","author":"MP Soares","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1586","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide suppress the pathogenesis of experimental cerebral malaria","volume":"13","author":"A Pamplona","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081582","article-title":"Myeloid heme oxygenase-1 regulates innate immunity and autoimmunity by modulating IFN-beta production","volume":"206","author":"S Tzima","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix142","article-title":"Overexpression of HO-1 Contributes to Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression by Modulating the Th1\/Th2 Balance and Regulatory T-Cell Function","volume":"215","author":"SJ Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2223-0","article-title":"Role of Nrf2\/HO-1 system in development, oxidative stress response and diseases: an evolutionarily conserved mechanism","volume":"73","author":"A Loboda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4827","article-title":"Redox reactions and microbial killing in the neutrophil phagosome","volume":"18","author":"CC Winterbourn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/ecosalplus.5.4.4","article-title":"Oxidative Stress","volume":"3","author":"JA Imlay","year":"2009","journal-title":"EcoSal Plus"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07612.x","article-title":"How does the oxidative burst of macrophages kill bacteria? Still an open question","volume":"80","author":"JM Slauch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2014.08.001","article-title":"Quantifying intracellular hydrogen peroxide perturbations in terms of concentration","volume":"2","author":"BK Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1492","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001492","article-title":"NADPH phagocyte oxidase knockout mice control Trypanosoma cruzi proliferation, but develop circulatory collapse and succumb to infection","volume":"6","author":"HC Santiago","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.02.004","article-title":"Cruzipain and SP600125 induce p38 activation, alter NO\/arginase balance and favor the survival of Trypanosoma cruzi in macrophages","volume":"106","author":"CC Stempin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.05.012","article-title":"Induction of NADPH oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species production by a single Trypanosoma cruzi antigen","volume":"40","author":"N Guinazu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002799","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002799","article-title":"The receptor Slamf1 on the surface of myeloid lineage cells controls susceptibility to infection by Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"8","author":"J Calderon","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxt067","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor protects against bacterial infection by promoting macrophage survival and reactive oxygen species production","volume":"26","author":"A Kimura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00575-16","article-title":"The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulates Production of Cytokines and Reactive Oxygen Species and Development of Myocarditis during Trypanosoma cruzi Infection","volume":"84","author":"A Barroso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2007.00427.x","article-title":"Melatonin treatment reduces the severity of experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"42","author":"FH Santello","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2790-9","article-title":"Curcumin treatment provides protection against Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"110","author":"F Nagajyothi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2003.08.011","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi response to the oxidative stress generated by hydrogen peroxide","volume":"133","author":"JK Finzi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25935","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025935","article-title":"Heme-induced ROS in Trypanosoma cruzi activates CaMKII-like that triggers epimastigote proliferation. One helpful effect of ROS","volume":"6","author":"NP Nogueira","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.027","article-title":"Heme modulates Trypanosoma cruzi bioenergetics inducing mitochondrial ROS production","volume":"108","author":"NP Nogueira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0116712","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116712","article-title":"Proliferation and differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi inside its vector have a new trigger: redox status","volume":"10","author":"NP Nogueira","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2279","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002279","article-title":"Oxidative stress and DNA lesions: the role of 8-oxoguanine lesions in Trypanosoma cruzi cell viability","volume":"7","author":"PH Aguiar","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830221006","article-title":"The microbicidal activity of interferon-gamma-treated macrophages against Trypanosoma cruzi involves an L-arginine-dependent, nitrogen oxide-mediated mechanism inhibitable by interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta","volume":"22","author":"RT Gazzinelli","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6627","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.167247","article-title":"Intraphagosomal peroxynitrite as a macrophage-derived cytotoxin against internalized Trypanosoma cruzi: consequences for oxidative killing and role of microbial peroxiredoxins in infectivity","volume":"286","author":"MN Alvarez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2016.08.007","article-title":"MIF-driven activation of macrophages induces killing of intracellular Trypanosoma cruzi dependent on endogenous production of tumor necrosis factor, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species","volume":"222","author":"RA Cutrullis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e111539","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111539","article-title":"Caspase-1\/ASC inflammasome-mediated activation of IL-1beta-ROS-NF-kappaB pathway for control of Trypanosoma cruzi replication and survival is dispensable in NLRP3-\/- macrophages","volume":"9","author":"N Dey","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2469","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002469","article-title":"NLRP3 controls Trypanosoma cruzi infection through a caspase-1-dependent IL-1R-independent NO production","volume":"7","author":"VM Goncalves","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005947","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005947","article-title":"Resveratrol Reverses Functional Chagas Heart Disease in Mice","volume":"12","author":"G Vilar-Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005852","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005852","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte oxidants production may signal to T. cruzi intracellular development","volume":"11","author":"PP Dias","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2016.12.003","article-title":"Comparative effects of histone deacetylases inhibitors and resveratrol on Trypanosoma cruzi replication, differentiation, infectivity and gene expression","volume":"7","author":"VA Campo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.014","article-title":"Resveratrol inhibits Trypanosoma cruzi arginine kinase and exerts a trypanocidal activity","volume":"87","author":"EA Valera Vera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507574","article-title":"Randomized Trial of Benznidazole for Chronic Chagas&apos; Cardiomyopathy","volume":"373","author":"CA Morillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2008.2418","article-title":"Mitochondrial complex III defects contribute to inefficient respiration and ATP synthesis in the myocardium of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice","volume":"12","author":"JJ Wen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005954","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005954","article-title":"SIRT1-PGC1alpha-NFkappaB Pathway of Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress during Trypanosoma cruzi Infection: Benefits of SIRT1-Targeted Therapy in Improving Heart Function in Chagas Disease","volume":"12","author":"X Wan","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666151222160559","article-title":"Oxidative stress and myocarditis","volume":"22","author":"Y Tada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11596","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.076984","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi induces the reactive oxygen species-PARP-1-RelA pathway for up-regulation of cytokine expression in cardiomyocytes","volume":"285","author":"X Ba","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-0276140033","article-title":"Severity of chronic experimental Chagas&apos; heart disease parallels tumour necrosis factor and nitric oxide levels in the serum: models of mild and severe disease","volume":"109","author":"IR Pereira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798078","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/798078","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor is a therapeutic target for immunological unbalance and cardiac abnormalities in chronic experimental Chagas&apos; heart disease","volume":"2014","author":"IR Pereira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13344","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13344","article-title":"Macrophage-dependent IL-1beta production induces cardiac arrhythmias in diabetic mice","volume":"7","author":"G Monnerat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2012.02.007","article-title":"Ventricular arrhythmias are related to the presence of autoantibodies with adrenergic activity in chronic chagasic patients with preserved left ventricular function","volume":"18","author":"L Maciel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e399","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002101","article-title":"Calcium\/Calmodulin Protein Kinase II-Dependent Ryanodine Receptor Phosphorylation Mediates Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction Associated With Sepsis","volume":"45","author":"M Sepulveda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.03.094","article-title":"The mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmia in Chagas disease","volume":"240","author":"A Tinker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.02.066","article-title":"Autoantibodies with beta-adrenergic activity from chronic chagasic patients induce cardiac arrhythmias and early afterdepolarization in a drug-induced LQT2 rabbit hearts","volume":"240","author":"MAV Jimenez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2014.02.004","article-title":"CaMKII oxidative activation and the pathogenesis of cardiac disease","volume":"73","author":"ED Luczak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2014.03.001","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and excitation-contraction coupling in the context of cardiac pathology","volume":"73","author":"AC Kohler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2006.04.009","article-title":"Increased oxidative stress is correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction in chagasic patients","volume":"41","author":"JJ Wen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s10863-008-9184-4","article-title":"Mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species is enhanced at the Q(o) site of the complex III in the myocardium of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice: beneficial effects of an antioxidant","volume":"40","author":"JJ Wen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bioenerg Biomembr"},{"issue":"10\u201311","key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.06.013","article-title":"Tissue-specific oxidative imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction during Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice","volume":"10","author":"JJ Wen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"Inhibition of NFE2L2-Antioxidant Response Element Pathway by Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Contributes to Development of Cardiomyopathy and Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Chagas Disease","author":"JJ Wen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28449","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028449","article-title":"Cardiac-oxidized antigens are targets of immune recognition by antibodies and potential molecular determinants in chagas disease pathogenesis","volume":"7","author":"M Dhiman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000302","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000302","article-title":"MnSODtg mice control myocardial inflammatory and oxidative stress and remodeling responses elicited in chronic Chagas disease","volume":"2","author":"M Dhiman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762010000600003","article-title":"The benefits of using selenium in the treatment of Chagas disease: prevention of right ventricle chamber dilatation and reversion of Trypanosoma cruzi-induced acute and chronic cardiomyopathy in mice","volume":"105","author":"AP Souza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-061516-045037","article-title":"Oxidative Stress","volume":"86","author":"H Sies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E751","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00745.2009","article-title":"AMPK and SIRT1: a long-standing partnership?","volume":"298","author":"NB Ruderman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.223818","article-title":"PGC-1 coactivators in cardiac development and disease","volume":"107","author":"GC Rowe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.309633","article-title":"AMP-Activated Protein Kinase: An Ubiquitous Signaling Pathway With Key Roles in the Cardiovascular System","volume":"120","author":"IP Salt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13492","article-title":"Antioxidant effects of resveratrol in the cardiovascular system","volume":"174","author":"N Xia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2016.04.005","article-title":"Chemotherapeutic efficacy of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in chagasic cardiomyopathy","volume":"1","author":"JJ Wen","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2396.1","article-title":"ECG detection of murine chagasic cardiomyopathy","volume":"96","author":"CS Eickhoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.11.118","article-title":"Antioxidant therapy attenuates oxidative stress in chronic cardiopathy associated with Chagas&apos; disease","volume":"123","author":"LB Macao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1474","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0000000000000137","article-title":"Impact of the Use of Benznidazole Followed by Antioxidant Supplementation in the Prevalence of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Chronic Chagas Disease: Pilot Study","volume":"23","author":"JL Barbosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-388","article-title":"Selenium Treatment and Chagasic Cardiopathy (STCC): study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"A Pereira de Souza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trials"}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006928","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T06:11:44Z","timestamp":1693635104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006928"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marc-Jan","family":"Gubbels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006928","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]]}}}