{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:04:18Z","timestamp":1788303858943,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAF 2015-55683"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF 2015-55683"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAF 2017-87688-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF 2017-87688-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SAF 2015-69829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF 2015-69829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T13:26:27Z","timestamp":1554384387000},"page":"e1007658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Subversion of natural killer cell responses by a cytomegalovirus-encoded soluble CD48 decoy receptor"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Vicente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dom\u00e8nec","family":"Farr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5408-1016","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carolina","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Alcam\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8410-252X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pablo","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5792-1164","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana","family":"Angulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-075005","article-title":"Controlling natural killer cell responses: integration of signals for activation and inhibition","volume":"31","author":"EO Long","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1202","article-title":"The SAP and SLAM families in immune responses and X-linked lymphoproliferative disease","volume":"3","author":"P Engel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(99)00170-6","article-title":"2B4: an NK cell activating receptor with unique specificity and signal transduction mechanism","volume":"61","author":"H Nakajima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.11.2083","article-title":"2B4, the natural killer and T cell immunoglobulin superfamily surface protein, is a ligand for CD48","volume":"188","author":"MH Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2010.09.001","article-title":"CD48: A co-stimulatory receptor of immunity","volume":"43","author":"M Elishmereni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2016.01.008","article-title":"Roles of CD48 in regulating immunity and tolerance","volume":"164","author":"SL McArdel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.1.60","article-title":"A novel function-associated molecule related to non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity mediated by activated natural killer cells and T cells","volume":"151","author":"BA Garni-Wagner","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6981","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.12.6981","article-title":"Cutting edge: human 2B4, an activating NK cell receptor, recruits the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 and the adaptor signaling protein SAP","volume":"162","author":"SG Tangye","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00003","article-title":"NK cell cytotoxicity mediated by 2B4 and NTB-A is dependent on SAP acting downstream of receptor phosphorylation","volume":"4","author":"S Meinke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2016.17","article-title":"Fine-tuning of CD8(+) T-cell effector functions by targeting the 2B4-CD48 interaction","volume":"94","author":"A Lissina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.1.110","article-title":"2B4 (CD244) is expressed and functional on human eosinophils","volume":"174","author":"A Munitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2010.10.031","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus immunity and immune evasion","volume":"157","author":"SE Jackson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2015.07.001","article-title":"NK cell interplay with cytomegaloviruses","volume":"15","author":"B Lisni\u0107","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"333","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus immune evasion","volume":"325","author":"C Powers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.10.027","article-title":"Modulation of natural killer cells by human cytomegalovirus","volume":"41","author":"GW Wilkinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472978","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/472978","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus and autoimmune disease","volume":"2014","author":"A Halenius","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"1960","article-title":"Fields virology","author":"ES Mocarski","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-017-1460-0","article-title":"Herpesviral capture of immunomodulatory host genes","volume":"53","author":"G Sch\u00f6nrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-1680-7_15","article-title":"Viral immunomodulatory proteins: usurping host genes as a survival strategy","volume":"738","author":"P Engel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008184330127","article-title":"Herpesvirus homologues of cellular genes","volume":"21","author":"M Raftery","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004000","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004000","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus m154 hinders CD48 cell-surface expression and promotes viral escape from host natural killer cell control","volume":"10","author":"A Zarama","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201746984","article-title":"Immunoglobulin superfamily members encoded by viruses and their multiple roles in immune evasion","volume":"47","author":"D Farr\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11323","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01296-15","article-title":"Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family receptor homologs in New world monkey cytomegaloviruses","volume":"89","author":"N P\u00e9rez-Carmona","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20757","article-title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms of ectodomain shedding","volume":"293","author":"K Hayashida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002867","article-title":"2B4 engagement mediates rapid LFA-1 and actin-dependent NK cell adhesion to tumor cells as measured by single cell force spectroscopy","volume":"186","author":"SC Hoffmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3640","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.6.3640","article-title":"Dynamic redistribution of the activating 2B4\/SAP complex at the cytotoxic NK cell immune synapse","volume":"173","author":"P Roda-Navarro","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2016.12.023","article-title":"An "Fc Silenced" IgG1 format with extended half-life designed for improved stability","volume":"106","author":"MJ Borrok","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-005-0037-z","article-title":"Gene duplication and the properties of biological networks","volume":"61","author":"AL Hughes","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0169196","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169196","article-title":"Novel role of 3'UTR-Embedded Alu elements as facilitators of processed pseudogene genesis and host gene capture by viral genomes","volume":"11","author":"D Farr\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.08.005","article-title":"The evolution of large DNA viruses: combining genomic information of viruses and their hosts","volume":"12","author":"LA Shackelton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.08.019","article-title":"Structure of natural killer receptor 2B4 bound to CD48 reveals basis for heterophilic recognition in signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family","volume":"27","author":"CA Velikovsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)01941-X","article-title":"Decoy receptors: a strategy to regulate inflammatory cytokines and chemokines","volume":"22","author":"A Mantovani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.134","article-title":"Mechanisms of immunomodulation by mammalian and viral decoy receptors: insights from structures","volume":"17","author":"J Felix","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/nri980","article-title":"Viral mimicry of cytokines, chemokines and their receptors","volume":"3","author":"A Alcami","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12009","article-title":"Subversion of cytokine networks by virally encoded decoy receptors","volume":"250","author":"ML Epperson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(00)00076-6","article-title":"2B4-mediated activation of human natural killer cells","volume":"37","author":"SG Tangye","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00377","article-title":"Evolving role of 2B4\/CD244 in T and NK cell responses during virus infection","volume":"3","author":"SN Waggoner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2013.96","article-title":"Cell biological steps and checkpoints in accessing NK cell cytotoxicity","volume":"92","author":"EM Mace","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5840","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.21.5840","article-title":"Structural basis for the interaction of the free SH2 domain EAT-2 with SLAM receptors in hematopoietic cells","volume":"20","author":"M Morra","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3545","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.7.3545","article-title":"NK cell inhibitory receptors prevent tyrosine phosphorylation of the activation receptor 2B4 (CD244)","volume":"165","author":"C Watzl","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020427","article-title":"Natural killer cell inhibitory receptors block actin cytoskeleton-dependent recruitment of 2B4 (CD244) to lipid rafts","volume":"197","author":"C Watzl","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11473","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11473","article-title":"The extracellular interactome of the human adenovirus family reveals diverse strategies for immunomodulation","volume":"7","author":"N Martinez-Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0311171","article-title":"Natural killer cell-mediated response to human cytomegalovirus-infected macrophages is modulated by their functional polarization","volume":"90","author":"N Romo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1027327912204","article-title":"Detection of a soluble form of the leukocyte surface antigen CD48 in plasma and its elevation in patients with lymphoid leukemias and arthritis","volume":"17","author":"GM Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13082","article-title":"CD48 on blood leukocytes and in serum of asthma patients varies with severity","volume":"72","author":"RS Gangwar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.03.1519","article-title":"Serum soluble CD48 levels as a prognostic marker in mycosis fungoides and S\u00e9zary syndrome","volume":"138","author":"T Oka","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2011.55","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus UL7, a homologue of the SLAM-family receptor CD229, impairs cytokine production","volume":"89","author":"P Engel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.09.002","article-title":"Patterns of divergence in the vCXCL and vGPCR gene clusters in primate cytomegalovirus genomes","volume":"395","author":"DJ Alcendor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(88)90153-X","article-title":"Further studies on the mechanism of centrifugal enhancement of cytomegalovirus infectivity","volume":"19","author":"JB Hudson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4226","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.7.4226","article-title":"The adaptor protein 3BP2 binds human CD244 and links this receptor to Vav signaling, ERK activation, and NK cell killing","volume":"175","author":"I Saborit-Villarroya","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646632","article-title":"Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies","volume":"47","author":"A Cossarizza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15973","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.650119","article-title":"Comparative biochemical and funcional analysis of viral and human secreted tumor necrosis factor (TNF) decoy receptors","volume":"290","author":"SM Pontejo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"A prominent role of the human cytomegalovirus UL8 glycoprotein restraining pro-inflammatory cytokine production by myeloid cells at late times during infection","author":"N P\u00e9rez-Carmona","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.8.6.1131-1135.2001","article-title":"Calcein-acetyoxymethyl cytotoxicity assay: standardization of a method allowing additional analyses on recovered effector cells and supernatants","volume":"8","author":"S Neri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"issue":"Database issue","key":"ref55","first-page":"D348","article-title":"CDD: conserved domains and protein three-dimensional structure","volume":"41","author":"A Marchler-Bauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization","author":"K Katoh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007658","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T07:46:33Z","timestamp":1694763993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007658"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"R. Keith","family":"Reeves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007658","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]]}}}