{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:37:52Z","timestamp":1793263072285,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008456","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587600000000}}],"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011264","name":"FP7 People: Marie-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["625810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["625810"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T17:36:27Z","timestamp":1586799387000},"page":"e1008456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Fatal progression of experimental visceral leishmaniasis is associated with intestinal parasitism and secondary infection by commensal bacteria, and is delayed by antibiotic prophylaxis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9540-3280","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael D.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3600-724X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Paun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7098-0436","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Harry","family":"Langston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte A.","family":"Langner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian N.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9454-0937","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kevin W.","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Fortes","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M.","family":"Brenchley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Sacks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"ppat.1008456.ref001","first-page":"286","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in high-burden countries: an epidemiological update based on data reported in 2014","volume":"91","author":"WHO","year":"2016","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record"},{"issue":"10151","key":"ppat.1008456.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31204-2","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","volume":"392","author":"S Burza","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1008456.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2982","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002982","article-title":"Risk Factors for Adverse Prognosis and Death in American Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"VS Belo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1008456.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32834a8ba1","article-title":"Recent advances in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"24","author":"D Mondal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1008456.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.4.639","article-title":"A Prospective Study of Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Area of Brazil","volume":"154","author":"R Badar\u00f3","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1008456.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.909","article-title":"The epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic leishmanial infection in a highly endemic Bangladeshi village","volume":"76","author":"C Bern","year":"2007","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1008456.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2675","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002675","article-title":"Significantly Lower Anti-Leishmania IgG Responses in Sudanese versus Indian Visceral Leishmaniasis","volume":"8","author":"T Bhattacharyya","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1008456.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01102.x","article-title":"Genetics and visceral leishmaniasis: of mice and man","volume":"31","author":"JM Blackwell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasite Immunology"},{"issue":"14","key":"ppat.1008456.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(02)00027-8","article-title":"The interplay between environmental and host factors during an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Sudan","volume":"4","author":"B Bucheton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbes and Infection"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1008456.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01117.x","article-title":"Protein\u2010energy malnutrition as a risk factor for visceral leishmaniasis: a review","volume":"31","author":"G Malafaia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasite immunology"},{"key":"ppat.1008456.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2518","article-title":"Common variants in the HLA-DRB1\u2013HLA-DQA1 HLA class II region are associated with susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"45","author":"M Fakiola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1008456.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-39","article-title":"Mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility to experimental visceral leishmaniosis: BALB\/c mouse versus syrian hamster model","volume":"42","author":"A Nieto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1008456.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.3.1912","article-title":"The Hamster as a Model of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis: Progressive Disease and Impaired Generation of Nitric Oxide in the Face of a Prominent Th1-Like Cytokine Response","volume":"166","author":"PC Melby","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1008456.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2004.08.009","article-title":"Macrophages, pathology and parasite persistence in experimental visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"20","author":"CR Engwerda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"ppat.1008456.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3709","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300768","article-title":"Tissue Requirements for Establishing Long-Term CD4+ T Cell\u2013Mediated Immunity following Leishmania donovani Infection","volume":"192","author":"PT Bunn","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1008456.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5519","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.9.5519","article-title":"Reduced Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 (NOS2) Promoter Activity in the Syrian Hamster Renders the Animal Functionally Deficient in NOS2 Activity and Unable to Control an Intracellular Pathogen","volume":"176","author":"LE Perez","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1008456.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004165","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004165","article-title":"Growth Factor and Th2 Cytokine Signaling Pathways Converge at STAT6 to Promote Arginase Expression in Progressive Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis","volume":"10","author":"EY Osorio","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS Pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1008456.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12279","article-title":"Indigenous microbiota and Leishmaniasis","volume":"38","author":"MEM Lopes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasite Immunology"},{"issue":"6098","key":"ppat.1008456.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1225152","article-title":"Compartmentalized Control of Skin Immunity by Resident Commensals","volume":"337","author":"S Naik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ppat.1008456.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651987000600009","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in germfree, gnotobiotic, and conventional mice","volume":"29","author":"EC Vieira","year":"1987","journal-title":"Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1008456.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005008073","article-title":"Germ-free mice produce high levels of interferon-gamma in response to infection with Leishmania major but fail to heal lesions","volume":"131","author":"MR Oliveira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1008456.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601621","article-title":"Host-Microbiota Interactions Shape Local and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases","volume":"198","author":"JB Grigg","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1008456.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.07.002","article-title":"Recognition of Commensal Microflora by Toll-Like Receptors Is Required for Intestinal Homeostasis","volume":"118","author":"S Rakoff-Nahoum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1008456.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.47.8","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: a model for infection-induced cachexia","volume":"47","author":"RD Pearson","year":"1992","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1008456.ref025","first-page":"951","article-title":"Laboratory Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis","volume":"9","author":"S Sundar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1008456.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-010-0027-1","article-title":"Hematologic changes in visceral leishmaniasis\/kala azar","volume":"26","author":"N Varma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1008456.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5313-x","article-title":"Prevalence, severity, and pathogeneses of anemia in visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"116","author":"Y Goto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology research"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1008456.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2914","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002914","article-title":"Immune Regulation during Chronic Visceral Leishmaniasis","volume":"8","author":"RJ Faleiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1008456.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5249","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5249-5255.2004","article-title":"Quantification of Leishmania infantum DNA by a Real-Time PCR Assay with High Sensitivity","volume":"42","author":"C Mary","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1008456.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2014.10.002","article-title":"Malakoplakia of the Urogenital Tract","volume":"3","author":"H Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urology Case Reports"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1008456.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001866","article-title":"Rodentibacter gen. nov. including Rodentibacter pneumotropicus comb. nov., Rodentibacter heylii sp. nov., Rodentibacter myodis sp. nov., Rodentibacter ratti sp. nov., Rodentibacter heidelbergensis sp. nov., Rodentibacter trehalosifermentans sp. nov., Rodentibacter rarus sp. nov., Rodentibacter mrazii and two genomospecies","volume":"67","author":"S Adhikary","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology"},{"key":"ppat.1008456.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.07.120","article-title":"Insights of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) intestine","volume":"106","author":"AGAd Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1008456.ref033","first-page":"353","article-title":"Intestinal amyloidosis in hamsters with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"67","author":"JL Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"1986","journal-title":"British journal of experimental pathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1008456.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.53","article-title":"Asymptomatic colitis in naturally infected dogs with Leishmania infantum: a prospective study","volume":"76","author":"KK Adamama-Moraitou","year":"2007","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1008456.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-53-67","article-title":"Histopathological and parasitological study of the gastrointestinal tract of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum","volume":"53","author":"AJ Pinto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1008456.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1086\/318135","article-title":"HIV and Leishmania Coinfection: A Review of 91 Cases with Focus on Atypical Locations of Leishmania","volume":"31","author":"E Rosenthal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1008456.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.027029","article-title":"Unusual duodenal presentation of leishmaniasis","volume":"58","author":"ML \u00c1lvarez-Nebreda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1008456.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32830e6fdb","article-title":"Visceral Leishmaniasis presenting with intestinal failure: a case report and literature review","volume":"21","author":"L Hicks","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1008456.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02550.x","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of patients with visceral leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection in northwest Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"Z Hurissa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine & International Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1008456.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.6.1354","article-title":"Bacterial infections in patients with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"162","author":"TM Andrade","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of infectious diseases"},{"issue":"5\/6","key":"ppat.1008456.ref041","first-page":"879","article-title":"Childhood visceral leishmaniasis complicated by bacterial infections","volume":"6","author":"M Kadivar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1008456.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.60.463","article-title":"Pathogenicity of Pasteurella pneumotropica in immunodeficient NOD\/ShiJic-scid\/Jcl and immunocompetent Crlj: CD1 (ICR) mice","volume":"60","author":"E Kawamoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Experimental animals"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1008456.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1186-8","article-title":"Comparative analysis of humoral immune responses and pathologies of BALB\/c and C57BL\/6 wildtype mice experimentally infected with a highly virulent Rodentibacter pneumotropicus (Pasteurella pneumotropica) strain","volume":"18","author":"J Fornefett","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1008456.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-075001","article-title":"Microbial Translocation Across the GI Tract","volume":"30","author":"JM Brenchley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annual Review of Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1008456.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim1978.43.3_375","article-title":"Colonization Pattern of Pasteurella pneumotropica in Mice with Latent Pasteurellosis","volume":"43","author":"K Mikazuki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Experimental Animals"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1008456.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-JAALAS-19-000001","article-title":"Current Distribution of Rodentibacter Species Among the Mice and Rats of an Experimental Facility","volume":"58","author":"L Benga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1008456.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.935","article-title":"Mucosal Leishmaniasis in a Sudanese Patient","volume":"80","author":"K Abbas","year":"2009","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1008456.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12748","article-title":"Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani infection in an Indian man","volume":"54","author":"D Daulatabad","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1008456.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2004.05.008","article-title":"Sudanese mucosal leishmaniasis: isolation of a parasite within the Leishmania donovani complex that differs genotypically from L. donovani causing classical visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"5","author":"M Mahdi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1008456.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2356-x","article-title":"Mucosal Leishmania infantum infection","volume":"109","author":"J Richter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"ppat.1008456.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90218-4","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in Sudan. 3. Visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"95","author":"E Zijlstra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1008456.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1198","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001198","article-title":"Evidence That Lipopolisaccharide May Contribute to the Cytokine Storm and Cellular Activation in Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis","volume":"5","author":"JR Santos-Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1008456.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit135","article-title":"Microbial Translocation Induces an Intense Proinflammatory Response in Patients With Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV Type 1 Coinfection","volume":"208","author":"JR Santos-Oliveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ppat.1008456.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/364534","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cellular Activation May Participate in the Immunopathogenesis of Visceral Leishmaniasis Alone or in HIV Coinfection","volume":"2012","author":"JR Santos-Oliveira","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1008456.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006165","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006165","article-title":"Transcriptional Profiling in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis Reveals a Broad Splenic Inflammatory Environment that Conditions Macrophages toward a Disease-Promoting Phenotype","volume":"13","author":"F Kong","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS Pathogens"},{"key":"ppat.1008456.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/361058","article-title":"Bacterial Sepsis in Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis in Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"2014","author":"M Endris","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1008456.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908X311858","article-title":"Bacterial infections in children with visceral leishmaniasis: observations made in Kerman province, southern Iran, between 1997 and 2007","volume":"102","author":"M Barati","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1008456.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.62883","article-title":"Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"2","author":"E Moore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1008456.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.2001.4656","article-title":"A Lipophosphoglycan-Independent Method for Isolation of Infective Leishmania Metacyclic Promastigotes by Density Gradient Centrifugation","volume":"99","author":"GF Sp\u00e4th","year":"2001","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1008456.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19.2.1","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.im1902s108","article-title":"Animal Models for the Analysis of Immune Responses to Leishmaniasis","volume":"108","author":"DL Sacks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Protocols in Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1008456.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01432-07","article-title":"Enteric Salmonellosis Disrupts the Microbial Ecology of the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract","volume":"76","author":"M Barman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"ppat.1008456.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","article-title":"Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method","volume":"3","author":"TD Schmittgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Protocols"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1008456.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76431","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076431","article-title":"The Choice of PCR Primers Has Great Impact on Assessments of Bacterial Community Diversity and Dynamics in a Wastewater Treatment Plant","volume":"8","author":"NJ Fredriksson","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008456","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587600000000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008456","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T17:53:39Z","timestamp":1587664419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008456"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Edward","family":"Mitre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008456","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008456","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]}}}