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H. Chan School of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008548","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquitoes have transmitted\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    parasites for millions of years, yet it remains unclear whether they suffer fitness costs to infection. Here we report that the fecundity of virgin and mated females of two important vectors\u2014\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014is not affected by infection with\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , demonstrating that these human malaria parasites do not inflict this reproductive cost on their natural mosquito hosts. Additionally, parasite development is not impacted by mating status. However, in field studies using different\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates in\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles coluzzii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we find that\n                    <jats:italic>Mating-Induced Stimulator of Oogenesis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>MISO<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), a female reproductive gene strongly induced after mating by the sexual transfer of the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), protects females from incurring fecundity costs to infection.\n                    <jats:italic>MISO-<\/jats:italic>\n                    silenced females produce fewer eggs as they become increasingly infected with\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while parasite development is not impacted by this gene silencing. Interestingly, previous work had shown that sexual transfer of 20E has specifically evolved in\n                    <jats:italic>Cellia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species of the\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    genus, driving the co-adaptation of MISO. Our data therefore suggest that evolution of male-female sexual interactions may have promoted\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    tolerance to\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in the\n                    <jats:italic>Cellia<\/jats:italic>\n                    subgenus, which comprises the most important malaria vectors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T14:43:40Z","timestamp":1608561820000},"page":"e1008908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A mating-induced reproductive gene promotes Anopheles tolerance to Plasmodium falciparum infection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Perrine","family":"Marcenac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2806-9718","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"W. 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