{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:12:59Z","timestamp":1780582379336,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 EY024630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 EY024630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY006360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY006360"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 EY007092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 EY007092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an opportunistic human herpesvirus that causes a sight-threatening retinitis in immunosuppressed patients, especially those with AIDS. Using an established model of experimental murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) retinitis in mice with retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency (MAIDS), we have been attempting to define with greater clarity the immunologic mechanisms that contribute to the progression of AIDS-related HCMV retinitis in the unique immunosuppressive setting of HIV infection. Toward this end, we provide herein a comprehensive assessment of immune response gene expression during the onset and development of MAIDS-related MCMV retinitis employing NanoString nCounter. In so doing, we analyzed and compared the intraocular expressions of 561 immune response genes within MCMV-infected eyes of groups of healthy mice, MCMV-infected mice with MAIDS of 4 weeks\u2019 (MAIDS-4) duration, and MCMV-infected eyes of mice with MAIDS of 10 weeks\u2019 (MAIDS-10) duration. These animal groups show a progression of retinal disease from absolute resistance to retinitis development in healthy mice to the development of classic full-thickness retinal necrosis in MAIDS-10 mice but through an intermediate stage of retinal disease development in MAIDS-4 mice. Our findings showed that increased susceptibility to MCMV retinitis during the progression of MAIDS is associated with robust upregulation or downregulation of a surprisingly large number of immune response genes that operate within several immune response pathways often unique to each animal group. Analysis of 14 additional immune response genes associated with programmed cell death pathways suggested involvement of necroptosis and pyroptosis during MAIDS-related MCMV retinitis pathogenesis. Use of the NanoString nCounter technology provided new and unexpected information on the immunopathogenesis of retinitis within MCMV-infected eyes of mice with retrovirus-induced immunosuppression. Our findings may provide new insights into the immunologic events that operate during the pathogenesis of AIDS-related HCMV retinitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T18:23:05Z","timestamp":1604686985000},"page":"e1009032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Transcriptional analysis of immune response genes during pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus retinitis in mice with murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4715-734X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica J.","family":"Carter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3865-6537","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jesse M.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent P.","family":"Poling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0277-7820","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Madeline M.","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4093-9368","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Judee Grace E.","family":"Nemeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Houghton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7317-3549","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard D.","family":"Dix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"ppat.1009032.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680490504641","article-title":"AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis: lessons from the laboratory","volume":"29","author":"RD Dix","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"ppat.1009032.ref002","volume-title":"Ocular infection and immunity","author":"A Tufail","year":"1996"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"ppat.1009032.ref003","first-page":"7","article-title":"Advances in understanding cytomegalovirus infection after transplantation","volume":"26","author":"M Ho","year":"1994","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"issue":"26","key":"ppat.1009032.ref004","first-page":"1922","volume":"329","author":"DR Hoover","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinical manifestations of AIDS in the era of Pneumocystis prophylaxis"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1009032.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e334","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040334","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus retinitis: the neglected disease of the AIDS pandemic","volume":"4","author":"D Heiden","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ppat.1009032.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S6700","article-title":"Optimal management of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS","volume":"4","author":"MW Stewart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1009032.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.11.014","article-title":"Incidence of cytomegalovirus retinitis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"153","author":"EA Sugar","year":"2012","journal-title":"American journal of ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1009032.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.02.033","article-title":"Long-term Outcomes of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in the Era of Modern Antiretroviral Therapy: Results from a United States Cohort","volume":"122","author":"DA Jabs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1009032.ref009","first-page":"1829","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the retina in acquired immune deficiency syndrome","volume":"33","author":"FM Hofman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1009032.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(85)34008-3","article-title":"Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 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