{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:39:20Z","timestamp":1792802360679,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009121","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000}}],"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001664","name":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Leibniz Center Infection Graduate School"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Leibniz Center Infection Graduate School"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Priority Programm 1937 \u201cInnate Lymphoid Cells\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Priority Programm 1937 \u201cInnate Lymphoid Cells\u201d"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB 1192 TP06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB 1192 TP06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UK Medical Research Council, New Investigator Research Grant","award":["MR\/S000593\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S000593\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03x94j517","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Parasitic helminths are sensed by the immune system via tissue-derived alarmins that promote the initiation of the appropriate type 2 immune responses. Here we establish the nuclear alarmin cytokine IL-33 as a non-redundant trigger of specifically IL-9-driven and mast cell-mediated immunity to the intestinal parasite\n                    <jats:italic>Strongyloides ratti<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Blockade of endogenous IL-33 using a helminth-derived IL-33 inhibitor elevated intestinal parasite burdens in the context of reduced mast cell activation while stabilization of endogenous IL-33 or application of recombinant IL-33 reciprocally reduced intestinal parasite burdens and increased mast cell activation. Using gene-deficient mice, we show that application of IL-33 triggered rapid mast cell-mediated expulsion of parasites directly in the intestine, independent of the adaptive immune system, basophils, eosinophils or Gr-1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells but dependent on functional IL-9 receptor and innate lymphoid cells (ILC). Thereby we connect the described axis of IL-33-mediated ILC2 expansion to the rapid initiation of IL-9-mediated and mast cell-driven intestinal anti-helminth immunity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T14:15:25Z","timestamp":1608646525000},"page":"e1009121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["IL-33 facilitates rapid expulsion of the parasitic nematode Strongyloides ratti from the intestine via ILC2- and IL-9-driven mast cell activation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jana","family":"Meiners","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2475-2165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martina","family":"Reitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolas","family":"R\u00fcdiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-Eric","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"Heepmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Rudolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4998-0586","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wiebke","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1300-7407","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Henry 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