{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T04:17:52Z","timestamp":1781929072555,"version":"3.54.5"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009295","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615334400000}}],"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["130423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["130423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To date, no reports have linked the multifunctional protein, staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 (SND1), to host defense against intracellular infections. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanisms of SND1, by using SND1 knockout (SND1<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>) mice, in host defense against the lung infection of<jats:italic>Chlamydia muridarum<\/jats:italic>, an obligate intracellular bacterium. Our data showed that SND1<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>mice exhibited significantly greater body weight loss, higher organism growth, and more severe pathological changes compared with wild-type mice following the infection. Further analysis showed significantly reduced<jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>-specific Th1\/17 immune responses in SND1<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>mice after infection. Interestingly, the dendritic cells (DCs) isolated from SND1<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>mice showed lower costimulatory molecules expression and IL-12 production, but higher IL-10 production compared with those from wild-type control mice. In the DC-T cell co-culture system, DCs isolated from SND1<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>infected mice showed significantly reduced ability to promote<jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>-specific IFN-\u03b3 producing Th1 cells but enhanced capacity to induce CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells into Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Treg cells. Adoptive transfer of DCs isolated from SND1<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>mice, unlike those from wild-type control mice, failed to protect the recipients against challenge infection. These findings provide<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>evidence that SND1 plays an important role in host defense against intracellular bacterial infection, and suggest that SND1 can promote Th1\/17 immunity and inhibit the expansion of Treg cells through modulation of the function of DCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T18:43:41Z","timestamp":1614365021000},"page":"e1009295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["SND1 promotes Th1\/17 immunity against chlamydial lung infection through enhancing dendritic cell 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