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In the Syrian hamster model, we show that intranasal administration of IFN-\u03b1 starting one day pre-infection or one day post-infection limited weight loss and decreased viral lung titers. By contrast, intranasal administration of IFN-\u03b1 starting at the onset of symptoms three days post-infection had no impact on the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results provide evidence that early type I IFN treatment is beneficial, while late interventions are ineffective, although not associated with signs of enhanced disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T14:53:13Z","timestamp":1628520793000},"page":"e1009427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Intranasal type I interferon treatment is beneficial only when administered before clinical signs onset in the SARS-CoV-2 hamster model"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5657-0027","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pierre","family":"Bessi\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5054-3634","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marine","family":"Wasniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9122-9027","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Evelyne","family":"Picard-Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4753-6614","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Servat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4141-271X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas","family":"Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Foret-Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9543-7317","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amelia","family":"Coggon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Lesellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0957-1320","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Frank","family":"Bou\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Cebron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blandine","family":"Gausser\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9717-5808","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Catherine","family":"Trumel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0363-0337","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gilles","family":"Foucras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5315-3882","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Salguero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3231-398X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elodie","family":"Monchatre-Leroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Volmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1009427.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3787","article-title":"Type I interferons in infectious disease","volume":"15","author":"F McNab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"key":"ppat.1009427.ref002","first-page":"94","article-title":"Type I Interferon Susceptibility Distinguishes SARS-CoV-2 from","author":"KG Lokugamage","year":"2020","journal-title":"SARS-CoV. 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