{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:10:48Z","timestamp":1792624248627,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009451","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000}}],"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001736","name":"German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I-41-416.6-2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I-41-416.6-2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001663","name":"Volkswagen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["A128055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A128055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001663","name":"Volkswagen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A128055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A128055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2616\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2616\/18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> is a diverse bacterial pathogen and a primary cause of human and animal infections. While many <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>enterica<\/jats:italic> serovars present a broad host-specificity, several specialized pathotypes have been adapted to colonize and cause disease in one or limited numbers of host species. The underlying mechanisms defining <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> host-specificity are far from understood. Here, we present genetic analysis, phenotypic characterization and virulence profiling of a monophasic <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>enterica<\/jats:italic> serovar Typhimurium strain that was isolated from several wild sparrows in Israel. Whole genome sequencing and complete assembly of its genome demonstrate a unique genetic signature that includes the integration of the BTP1 prophage, loss of the virulence plasmid, pSLT and pseudogene accumulation in multiple T3SS-2 effectors (<jats:italic>sseJ<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>steC<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>gogB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>sseK2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>sseK3<\/jats:italic>), catalase (<jats:italic>katE<\/jats:italic>), tetrathionate respiration (<jats:italic>ttrB<\/jats:italic>) and several adhesion\/ colonization factors (<jats:italic>lpfD<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>fimH<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>bigA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ratB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>siiC<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>siiE<\/jats:italic>) encoded genes. Correspondingly, this strain demonstrates impaired biofilm formation, intolerance to oxidative stress and compromised intracellular replication within non-phagocytic host cells. Moreover, while this strain showed attenuated pathogenicity in the mouse, it was highly virulent and caused an inflammatory disease in an avian host. Overall, our findings demonstrate a unique phenotypic profile and genetic makeup of an overlooked <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium sparrow-associated lineage and present distinct genetic signatures that are likely to contribute to its pathoadaptation to passerine birds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T17:37:33Z","timestamp":1616175453000},"page":"e1009451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Pathoadaptation of the passerine-associated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium lineage to the avian host"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Emiliano","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalevet","family":"Azriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8938-5805","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oren","family":"Auster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5657-3068","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adiv","family":"Gal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmel","family":"Zitronblat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Mikhlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6710-9524","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Felix","family":"Scharte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6604-6253","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Hensel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galia","family":"Rahav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2540-6790","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ohad","family":"Gal-Mor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1009451.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2014.07.004","article-title":"Supplement 2008\u20132010 (no. 48) to the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme.","volume":"165","author":"S Issenhuth-Jeanjean","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1009451.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2004.04.005","article-title":"Supplement 2002 (no. 46) to the Kauffmann-White scheme.","volume":"155","author":"MY Popoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009451.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00088-18","article-title":"Persistent Infection and Long-Term Carriage of Typhoidal and Nontyphoidal Salmonellae.","volume":"32","author":"O. 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