{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:50:28Z","timestamp":1790697028087,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004063","name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014.0177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014.0177"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004063","name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014.0177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014.0177"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001729","name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r\u00a0Strategisk Forskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ICA14-0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICA14-0013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001729","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001729","name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r\u00a0Strategisk Forskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ICA14-0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICA14-0013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001729","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014-2050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-2050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014-2050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-2050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004348","name":"Stockholms L\u00e4ns Landsting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALF Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALF Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bacterial meningitis is a major cause of death and disability in children worldwide. Two human restricted respiratory pathogens,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , are the major causative agents of bacterial meningitis, attributing to 200,000 deaths annually. These pathogens are often part of the nasopharyngeal microflora of healthy carriers. However, what factors elicit them to disseminate and cause invasive diseases, remain unknown. Elevated temperature and fever are hallmarks of inflammation triggered by infections and can act as warning signals to pathogens. Here, we investigate whether these respiratory pathogens can sense environmental temperature to evade host complement-mediated killing. We show that productions of two vital virulence factors and vaccine components, the polysaccharide capsules and factor H binding proteins, are temperature dependent, thus influencing serum\/opsonophagocytic killing of the bacteria. We identify and characterise four novel RNA thermosensors in\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , responsible for capsular biosynthesis and production of factor H binding proteins. Our data suggest that these bacteria might have independently co-evolved thermosensing abilities with different RNA sequences but distinct secondary structures to evade the immune system.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T13:26:26Z","timestamp":1619702786000},"page":"e1009513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["RNA thermosensors facilitate Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae immune evasion"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1724-420X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hannes","family":"Eichner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8005-9197","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jens","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4948-7329","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura","family":"Spelmink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuj","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9047-0310","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lok-To","family":"Sham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgitta","family":"Henriques-Normark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7050-566X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edmund","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"911","key":"ppat.1009513.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.77.911.562","article-title":"Clinical implications of the specialised B cell response to polysaccharide encapsulated pathogens","volume":"77","author":"CG Vinuesa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1009513.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00937-20","article-title":"A New Pneumococcal Capsule Type, 10D, is the 100th Serotype and Has a Large cps Fragment from an Oral Streptococcus","volume":"11","author":"F Ganaie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mbio."},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1009513.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00881-09","article-title":"The Streptococcus pneumoniae capsule inhibits complement activity and neutrophil phagocytosis by multiple mechanisms","volume":"78","author":"C Hyams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infection and immunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1009513.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2010.03.007","article-title":"Haemophilus influenzae and the 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Rinnenthal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"ppat.1009513.ref040","first-page":"9426","article-title":"Structure and mechanism of a molecular rheostat, an RNA thermometer that modulates immune evasion by Neisseria meningitidis","volume":"44","author":"RP Barnwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"5529","key":"ppat.1009513.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061217","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of a virulent isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"293","author":"H Tettelin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1009513.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1086\/380564","article-title":"Capsular expression in Streptococcus pneumoniae negatively affects spontaneous and antibiotic-induced lysis and contributes to antibiotic tolerance","volume":"189","author":"J Fernebro","year":"2004","journal-title":"J 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Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"67","author":"CK Sung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009513.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.1.124-131.2006","article-title":"Sequential multiplex PCR approach for determining capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates","volume":"44","author":"R Pai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1009513.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000476","article-title":"Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Structure Predicts Serotype Prevalence","volume":"5","author":"DM Weinberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plos Pathog"}],"container-title":["PLOS 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