{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:03:54Z","timestamp":1790435034139,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009522","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000}}],"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Centre","award":["Project Grant APP1106442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project Grant APP1106442"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Centre","award":["Project Grant APP1106442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project Grant APP1106442"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Centre","award":["Project Grant APP1106442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project Grant APP1106442"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Investigator Grant APP1177942."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Investigator Grant APP1177942."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001774","name":"University of Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Research Training Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Training Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001774","name":"University of Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Research Training Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Training Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Although HIV infection inhibits interferon responses in its target cells\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , interferon signatures can be detected\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    soon after sexual transmission, mainly attributed to plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In this study, we examined the physiological contributions of pDCs to early HIV acquisition using coculture models of pDCs with myeloid DCs, macrophages and the resting central, transitional and effector memory CD4 T cell subsets. pDCs impacted infection in a cell-specific manner. In myeloid cells, HIV infection was decreased via antiviral effects, cell maturation and downregulation of CCR5 expression. In contrast, in resting memory CD4 T cells, pDCs induced a subset-specific increase in intracellular HIV p24 protein expression without any activation or increase in CCR5 expression, as measured by flow cytometry. This increase was due to reactivation rather than enhanced viral spread, as blocking HIV entry via CCR5 did not alter the increased intracellular p24 expression. Furthermore, the load and proportion of cells expressing HIV DNA were restricted in the presence of pDCs while reverse transcriptase and p24 ELISA assays showed no increase in particle associated reverse transcriptase or extracellular p24 production. In addition, pDCs also markedly induced the expression of CD69 on infected CD4 T cells and other markers of CD4 T cell tissue retention. These phenotypic changes showed marked parallels with resident memory CD4 T cells isolated from anogenital tissue using enzymatic digestion. Production of IFN\u03b1 by pDCs was the main driving factor for all these results. Thus, pDCs may reduce HIV spread during initial mucosal acquisition by inhibiting replication in myeloid cells while reactivating latent virus in resting memory CD4 T cells and retaining them for immune clearance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T16:24:29Z","timestamp":1618849469000},"page":"e1009522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Plasmacytoid dendritic cells have divergent effects on HIV infection of initial target cells and induce a pro-retention phenotype"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0659-5944","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Orion","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0295-8998","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Duette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"O\u2019Neil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4746-4297","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Royle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4288-8859","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hafsa","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7006-8495","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Blake","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Popovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7979-578X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Suat","family":"Dervish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4265-0098","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michelle A. E.","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8259-1059","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heeva","family":"Baharlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5253-4747","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ellis","family":"Patrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grahame","family":"Ctercteko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5528-3859","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eunok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4273-8631","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1535-1279","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew N.","family":"Harman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony L.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6249-9204","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Najla","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1009522.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3787","article-title":"Type I interferons in infectious disease","volume":"15","author":"F McNab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature reviews Immunology"},{"issue":"13","key":"ppat.1009522.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6575","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00889-15","article-title":"HIV Blocks Interferon Induction in Human Dendritic Cells and 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