{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:41:15Z","timestamp":1790617275825,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009654","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000}}],"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17-01911S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-01911S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17-01911S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-01911S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17-01911S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-01911S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17-01911S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-01911S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["731060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["731060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["731060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["731060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BBS\/E\/I\/00007039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBS\/E\/I\/00007039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>parasites, causative agents of leishmaniasis, are currently divided into four subgenera:<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Viannia<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Sauroleishmania<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Mundinia<\/jats:italic>. The recently established subgenus<jats:italic>Mundinia<\/jats:italic>has a wide geographical distribution and contains five species, three of which have the potential to infect and cause disease in humans. While the other<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>subgenera are transmitted exclusively by phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), natural vectors of<jats:italic>Mundinia<\/jats:italic>remain uncertain. This study investigates the potential of sand flies and biting midges of the genus<jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic>(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to transmit<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>parasites of the subgenus<jats:italic>Mundinia<\/jats:italic>. Sand flies (<jats:italic>Phlebotomus argentipes<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>duboscqi<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Lutzomyia migonei<\/jats:italic>) and<jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic>biting midges (<jats:italic>Culicoides sonorensis<\/jats:italic>) were exposed to five<jats:italic>Mundinia<\/jats:italic>species through a chicken skin membrane and dissected at specific time intervals post bloodmeal. Potentially infected insects were also allowed to feed on ear pinnae of anaesthetized BALB\/c mice and the presence of<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>DNA was subsequently confirmed in the mice using polymerase chain reaction analyses. In<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>sonorensis<\/jats:italic>, all<jats:italic>Mundinia<\/jats:italic>species tested were able to establish infection at a high rate, successfully colonize the stomodeal valve and produce a higher proportion of metacyclic forms than in sand flies. Subsequently, three parasite species,<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>martiniquensis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>orientalis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. sp. from Ghana, were transmitted to the host mouse ear by<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>sonorensis<\/jats:italic>bite. In contrast, transmission experiments entirely failed with<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>argentipes<\/jats:italic>, although colonisation of the stomodeal valve was observed for<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>orientalis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>martiniquensis<\/jats:italic>and metacyclic forms of<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>orientalis<\/jats:italic>were recorded. This laboratory-based transmission of<jats:italic>Mundinia<\/jats:italic>species highlights that<jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic>are potential vectors of members of this ancestral subgenus of<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>and we suggest further studies in endemic areas to confirm their role in the lifecycles of neglected pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T17:40:51Z","timestamp":1623433251000},"page":"e1009654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Experimental transmission of Leishmania (Mundinia) parasites by biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6967-2484","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tomas","family":"Becvar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbora","family":"Vojtkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9248-1678","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Padet","family":"Siriyasatien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0552-9363","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jan","family":"Votypka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9649-6255","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Modry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3630-9387","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Petr","family":"Jahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6861-5421","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1790-1123","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Petr","family":"Volf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0432-2707","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jovana","family":"Sadlova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12\u201313","key":"ppat.1009654.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00136-3","article-title":"The leishmaniases as emerging and reemerging zoonoses","volume":"30","author":"RW Ashford","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ppat.1009654.ref002","unstructured":"WHO. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/leishmaniasis. 2020."},{"issue":"Special Issue 4","key":"ppat.1009654.ref003","first-page":"430","article-title":"An appraisal of the taxonomy and nomenclature of trypanosomatids presently classified as Leishmania and Endotrypanum","volume":"145","author":"OA Espinosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009654.ref004","first-page":"7","article-title":"Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Guineapig","volume":"33","author":"J Muniz","year":"1948","journal-title":"Hospital (Rio J)."},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1009654.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.03.001","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in red kangaroos: isolation and characterisation of the causative organisms","volume":"34","author":"K Rose","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009654.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005215","article-title":"Isolation of Novel Trypanosomatid, Zelonia australiensis sp. nov. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) Provides Support for a Gondwanan Origin of Dixenous Parasitism in the Leishmaniinae","volume":"11","author":"J Barratt","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009654.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2908-3","article-title":"Leishmania (Mundinia) orientalis n. sp. (Trypanosomatidae), a parasite from Thailand responsible for localised cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"11","author":"N Jariyapan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1009654.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90427-1","article-title":"Diffuse cutaneous infection caused by a presumed monoxenous trypanosomatid in a patient infected with HIV","volume":"89","author":"JP Dedet","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ppat.1009654.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2014011","article-title":"Leishmania (Leishmania) martiniquensis n. sp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), description of the parasite responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Martinique Island (French West Indies)","volume":"21","author":"N Desbois","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1009654.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2015.05.001","article-title":"First isolation of a new species of Leishmania responsible for human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ghana and classification in the Leishmania enriettii complex","volume":"45","author":"G Kwakye-Nuako","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1009654.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0707","article-title":"Case report: Autochthonous disseminated dermal and visceral leishmaniasis in an AIDS patient, Southern Thailand, caused by Leishmania siamensis","volume":"86","author":"L Bualert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1009654.ref012","first-page":"1277","article-title":"Detection of DNA of Leishmania siamensis in Sergentomyia (Neophlebotomus) iyengari (Diptera: Psychodidae) and molecular identification of blood meals of sand flies in an affected area, Southern Thailand","volume":"55","author":"S Siripattanapipong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1009654.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0472","article-title":"Case report: Disseminated autochthonous dermal leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania siamensis (PCM2 Trang) in a patient from central Thailand infected with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"96","author":"C Supsrisunjai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1009654.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1809.120184","article-title":"Autochthonous Leishmania siamensis in horse, Florida, USA","volume":"18","author":"SM Reuss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"ppat.1009654.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.01.022","article-title":"An autochthonous case of cutaneous bovine leishmaniasis in Switzerland","volume":"169","author":"L Lobsiger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"ppat.1009654.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.09.001","article-title":"Occurrence of Leishmania sp. in cutaneous lesions of horses in Central Europe","volume":"166","author":"N M\u00fcller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1009654.ref017","first-page":"e3339","volume":"8","author":"T Pothirat","year":"2014","journal-title":"First Isolation of Leishmania from Northern Thailand: Case Report, Identification as Leishmania martiniquensis and Phylogenetic Position within the Leishmania enriettii Complex"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1009654.ref018","first-page":"736","article-title":"Detection of Leishmania martiniquensis DNA in various clinical samples by quantitative PCR","volume":"32","author":"S Jungudomjaroen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"key":"ppat.1009654.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90435-8","article-title":"A new case of cutaneous infection by a presumed monoxenous trypanosomatid in the island of Martinique (French West Indies)","volume":"94","author":"AM Boisseau-Garsaud","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1009654.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0205","article-title":"First case of visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania martiniquensis","volume":"92","author":"B Liautaud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1009654.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809002313","article-title":"New reports of Australian cutaneous leishmaniasis in Northern Australian macropods","volume":"137","author":"A Dougall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ppat.1009654.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2019.12.002","article-title":"Host competence of the African rodents Arvicanthis neumanni, A. niloticus and Mastomys natalensis for Leishmania donovani from Ethiopia and L. (Mundinia) sp. from Ghana","volume":"11","author":"J Sadlova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1009654.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.13.4.1235-1241.1976","article-title":"Establishment of cutaneous Leishmania enriettii infection in hamsters","volume":"13","author":"A Belehu","year":"1976","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1009654.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1996.11813074","article-title":"New isolation of Leishmania enriettii Muniz and Medina, 1948 in Paran\u00e1 State, Brazil, 50 years after the first description, and isoenzymatic polymorphism of the L. enriettii taxon","volume":"90","author":"V Thomaz-Soccol","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1009654.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004060","article-title":"The biting midge Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is capable of developing late stage infections of Leishmania enriettii","volume":"9","author":"V Seblova","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1009654.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182017001810","article-title":"An overview on Leishmania (Mundinia) enriettii: biology, immunopathology, LRV and extracellular vesicles during the host\u2013parasite interaction","volume":"145","author":"LF Paranaiba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1009654.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(53)80008-8","article-title":"The Spread of Leishmania enriettii through the Body of the Guineapig","volume":"47","author":"WL Paraense","year":"1953","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1009654.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00299.x","article-title":"Experimental pathogenicity of a presumed monoxenous trypanosomatid isolated from humans in a murine model","volume":"48","author":"YJF Garin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1009654.ref029","unstructured":"Somboonpoonpol N. Parasite burden, distribution and imunopathology of Leishmania martiniquensis\u2014infected BALB\/c mice in different routes and time points. M. Sc. Thesis, Chulalongkorn University. 2016. Available from http:\/\/cuir.car.chula.ac.th\/handle\/123456789\/60706"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1009654.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06842-w","article-title":"Experimental infection of Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis in BALB\/c mice and Syrian golden hamsters","volume":"119","author":"N Intakhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ppat.1009654.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04039-9","article-title":"Development of Leishmania (Mundinia) in guinea pigs","volume":"13","author":"T Becvar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasites and Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009654.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1990.tb00255.x","article-title":"Phlebotomine vectors of the leishmaniases: a review","volume":"4","author":"R Killick-Kendrick","year":"1990","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1009654.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2012.01034.x","article-title":"Phlebotomine sandflies and the spreading of leishmaniases and other diseases of public health concern","volume":"27","author":"M Maroli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1009654.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.12.008","article-title":"Evidence incriminating midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as potential vectors of Leishmania in Australia","volume":"41","author":"AM Dougall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ppat.1009654.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.105157","article-title":"Development of Leishmania orientalis in the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) and the biting midge Culicoides soronensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)","volume":"199","author":"W Chanmol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1009654.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(99)00046-2","article-title":"The biology and control of Phlebotomine sand flies","volume":"17","author":"R Killick-Kendrick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ppat.1009654.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2017.020","article-title":"Revised classification of the subfamily Leishmaniinae (Trypanosomatidae)","volume":"64","author":"AY Kostygov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Folia Parasitol (Praha)"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009654.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-37.1.134","article-title":"Development of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in the sand fly Lutzomyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae)","volume":"37","author":"E Nieves","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009654.ref039","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lutzomyia migonei is a permissive vector competent for Leishmania infantum","volume":"9","author":"VCFV Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasite Vector"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009654.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-333","article-title":"Sergentomyia (Neophlebotomus) gemmea, a potential vector of Leishmania siamensis in southern Thailand","volume":"13","author":"K Kanjanopas","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009654.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-222","article-title":"Speculations on biting midges and other bloodsucking arthropods as alternative vectors of Leishmania","volume":"7","author":"V Seblova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasite Vector"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009654.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4787.1.1","article-title":"Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)","volume":"4787","author":"A Borkent","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"ppat.1009654.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2013.12.009","article-title":"Studying Culicoides vectors of BTV in the post-genomic era: Resources, bottlenecks to progress and future directions","volume":"182","author":"D Nayduch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009654.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.07.020","article-title":"Culicoides biting midges, arboviruses and public health in Europe","volume":"100","author":"S Carpenter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1009654.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000700001","article-title":"Proven and putative vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil: Aspects of their biology and vectorial competence","volume":"104","author":"EF Rangel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009654.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.03.009","article-title":"Natural Leishmania infantum infection in Migonemyia migonei (Fran\u00e7a, 1920) (Diptera:Psychodidae:Phlebotominae) the putative vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Pernambuco State, Brazil","volume":"116","author":"MR de Carvalho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ppat.1009654.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762005000800001","article-title":"Lutzomyia longipalpis and the eco-epidemiology of American visceral leishmaniasis, with particular reference to Brazil\u2014a review","volume":"100","author":"R Lainson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ppat.1009654.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v4i0.5527","article-title":"An outbreak of suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ghana: lessons learnt and preparation for future outbreaks","volume":"4","author":"MA Kweku","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1009654.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1071\/IT9880755","article-title":"Taxonomy of the australasian phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) with revision of genus Sergentomyia from the region","volume":"2","author":"DJ Lewis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Invertebr Syst."},{"key":"ppat.1009654.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2017041","article-title":"Laboratory colonization and mass rearing of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae)","volume":"24","author":"P Lawyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1009654.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1181","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001181","article-title":"Experimental transmission of Leishmania infantum by two major vectors: A comparison between a viscerotropic and a dermotropic strain","volume":"5","author":"C Maia","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"s1","key":"ppat.1009654.ref052","article-title":"Distribution and ecological aspects of sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) species in Sri Lanka","volume":"36","author":"Y Ozbel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009654.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-186","article-title":"Sergentomyia schwetzi is not a competent vector for Leishmania donovani and other Leishmania species pathogenic to humans","volume":"6","author":"J Sadlova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1009654.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006382","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006382","article-title":"Refractoriness of Sergentomyia schwetzi to Leishmania spp. is mediated by the peritrophic matrix","volume":"12","author":"J Sadlova","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1009654.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2016062","article-title":"Can Sergentomyia (Diptera, Psychodidae) play a role in the transmission of mammal-infecting Leishmania?","volume":"23","author":"C Maia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ppat.1009654.ref056","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Biology of the Kinetoplastida","author":"R Lainson","year":"1979"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1009654.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016002067","article-title":"(2017): Leishmania donovani development in Phlebotomus argentipes: comparison of promastigote- and amastigote-initiated infections","volume":"144","author":"J Sadlova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ppat.1009654.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0125-7","article-title":"Sequential blood meals promote Leishmania replication and reverse metacyclogenesis augmenting vector infectivity","volume":"3","author":"TD Serafim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1009654.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0154-2","article-title":"Revising Leishmania\u2019s life cycle","volume":"3","author":"PA Bates","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1009654.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1603\/ME12053","article-title":"Development of Leishmania parasites in Culicoides nubeculosus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and implications for screening vector competence","volume":"49","author":"V Seblova","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ppat.1009654.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2011.00106.x","article-title":"Establishment and maintenance of sand fly colonies","volume":"36","author":"P Volf","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009654.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004092","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004092","article-title":"Genomic Confirmation of Hybridisation and Recent Inbreeding in a Vector-Isolated Leishmania Population","volume":"10","author":"MB Rogers","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009654.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/45.1.133","article-title":"Leishmania in Sand Flies: Comparison of Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction with Other Techniques to Determine the Intensity of Infection","volume":"45","author":"J Myskova","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1009654.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01507.x","article-title":"The stage-regulated HASPB and SHERP proteins are essential for differentiation of the protozoan parasite Leishmania major in its sand fly vector, Phlebotomus papatasi","volume":"12","author":"J S\u00e1dlov\u00e1","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1009654.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(90)90031-7","article-title":"Amplification of kinetoplast DNA as a tool in the detection and diagnosis of Leishmania","volume":"71","author":"MR Rodgers","year":"1990","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009654","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009654","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T17:42:31Z","timestamp":1725212551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009654"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Beverley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009654","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009654","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]}}}