{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:21:24Z","timestamp":1777861284447,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001869","name":"Academia Sinica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AS-SUMMIT-109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-SUMMIT-109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001869","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001869","name":"Academia Sinica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AS-CFII-108-102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-CFII-108-102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001869","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001869","name":"Academia Sinica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AS-CDA-109-L08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-CDA-109-L08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001869","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST-108-3114-Y-001-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-108-3114-Y-001-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST- 108-2823-8-001-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST- 108-2823-8-001-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-3114-Y-001-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-3114-Y-001-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Development of effective therapeutics for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic is a pressing global need. Neutralizing antibodies are known to be effective antivirals, as they can be rapidly deployed to prevent disease progression and can accelerate patient recovery without the need for fully developed host immunity. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a series of chimeric antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein. Some of these antibodies exhibit exceptionally potent neutralization activities <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, and the most potent of our antibodies target three distinct non-overlapping epitopes within the RBD. Cryo-electron microscopy analyses of two highly potent antibodies in complex with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein suggested they may be particularly useful when combined in a cocktail therapy. The efficacy of this antibody cocktail was confirmed in SARS-CoV-2-infected mouse and hamster models as prophylactic and post-infection treatments. With the emergence of more contagious variants of SARS-CoV-2, cocktail antibody therapies hold great promise to control disease and prevent drug resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T17:23:57Z","timestamp":1634837037000},"page":"e1009704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Structure-guided antibody cocktail for prevention and treatment of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shih-Chieh","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei-Yu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kang-Hao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wan-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsiu-Ting","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei-Jung","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruei-Min","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsien-Cheng","family":"Tso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng-Jhe","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzung-Yang","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ling","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin-Chang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang-Yu","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng-Yi","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hsuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chyi","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I-Ju","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Jong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Che","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-Ying","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Pu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping-Yi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Tsrong","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0289-3768","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuan-Chih","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ling","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi-Hua","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shang-Te 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Braun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7809","key":"ppat.1009704.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-01092-3","article-title":"Coronavirus vaccine trials have delivered their first results\u2014but their promise is still unclear","volume":"581","author":"E. 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Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1009704.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.037","article-title":"Mapping Neutralizing and Immunodominant Sites on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain by Structure-Guided High-Resolution Serology","volume":"183","author":"L Piccoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6519","key":"ppat.1009704.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe3354","article-title":"Ultrapotent human antibodies protect against SARS-CoV-2 challenge via multiple mechanisms","volume":"370","author":"MA Tortorici","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009704.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-020-00679-1","article-title":"Bi-paratopic and multivalent VH domains block ACE2 binding and neutralize SARS-CoV-2","volume":"17","author":"CJ Bracken","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"issue":"6504","key":"ppat.1009704.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc5902","article-title":"Potent neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients define multiple targets of vulnerability","volume":"369","author":"PJM Brouwer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7821","key":"ppat.1009704.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2456-9","article-title":"Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals","volume":"584","author":"DF Robbiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7798","key":"ppat.1009704.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin","volume":"579","author":"P Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ppat.1009704.ref049","unstructured":"SARS-CoV-2 Mutation Tracker [Internet]. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/users.math.msu.edu\/users\/weig\/SARS-CoV-2_Mutation_Tracker.html."},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1009704.ref050","first-page":"812","article-title":"Tracking Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G Increases Infectivity of the COVID-19","volume":"182","author":"B Korber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virus. Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009704.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6013","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19808-4","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein D614G mutation increases virion spike density and infectivity","volume":"11","author":"L Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1009704.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.11.012","article-title":"D614G Spike Mutation Increases SARS CoV-2","volume":"29","author":"D Weissman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Susceptibility to Neutralization. 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