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This process is facilitated by the movement of variant surface glycoprotein genes in or out of a specialized locus known as bloodstream form expression site by homologous recombination, facilitated by blocks of repetitive sequence known as the 70-bp repeats, that provide homology for gene conversion events. DNA double strand breaks are potent drivers of antigenic variation, however where these breaks must fall to elicit a switch is not well understood. To understand how the position of a break influences antigenic variation we established a series of cell lines to study the effect of an I-SceI meganuclease break in the active expression site. We found that a DNA break within repetitive regions is not productive for VSG switching, and show that the break position leads to a distinct gene expression profile and DNA repair response which dictates how antigenic variation proceeds in African trypanosomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T13:35:19Z","timestamp":1636724119000},"page":"e1010038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["DNA double strand break position leads to distinct gene expression changes and regulates VSG switching pathway choice"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6834-1325","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alix","family":"Thivolle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8935-2894","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ann-Kathrin","family":"Mehnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliane","family":"Tihon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1881-9826","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Annick","family":"Dujeancourt-Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7191-6890","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lucy","family":"Glover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1010038.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.05.002","article-title":"Trypanosoma brucei Parasites Occupy and Functionally Adapt to the Adipose Tissue in Mice.","volume":"19","author":"S Trindade","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ppat.1010038.ref002","first-page":"5","article-title":"The skin is a significant but overlooked anatomical reservoir for vector-borne African trypanosomes.","author":"P Capewell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1010038.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12215","article-title":"Antigenic variation in A frican trypanosomes: the importance of chromosomal and nuclear context in VSG expression control","volume":"15","author":"L Glover","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"issue":"5733","key":"ppat.1010038.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1112642","article-title":"The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"309","author":"M Berriman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"21","key":"ppat.1010038.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12328","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.21.12328","article-title":"Subnuclear localization of the active variant surface glycoprotein gene expression site in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"95","author":"I Chaves","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6865","key":"ppat.1010038.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/414759a","article-title":"A pol I transcriptional body associated with VSG mono-allelic expression in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"414","author":"M Navarro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"26","key":"ppat.1010038.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7225","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1600344113","article-title":"VEX1 controls the allelic exclusion required for antigenic variation in trypanosomes","volume":"113","author":"L Glover","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ppat.1010038.ref008","article-title":"Spatial integration of transcription and splicing in a dedicated compartment sustains monogenic antigen expression in African trypanosomes. 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