{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:19:32Z","timestamp":1790965172633,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010039","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000}}],"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD090927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD090927"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD103511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD103511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI113725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI113725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI126361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI126361"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W8IXWH1910926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W8IXWH1910926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007875","name":"Tulane University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Weatherhead endowment fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Weatherhead endowment fund"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007875","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Six ebolavirus species are reported to date, including human pathogens Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), and Ta\u00ef Forest virus (TAFV); non-human pathogen Reston virus (RESTV); and the plausible Bombali virus (BOMV). Since there are differences in the disease severity caused by different species, species identification and viral burden quantification are critical for treating infected patients timely and effectively. Here we developed an immunoprecipitation-coupled mass spectrometry (IP-MS) assay for VP40 antigen detection and quantification. We carefully selected two regions of VP40, designated as peptide 8 and peptide12 from the protein sequence that showed minor variations among Ebolavirus species through MS analysis of tryptic peptides and antigenicity prediction based on available bioinformatic tools, and generated high-quality capture antibodies pan-specific for these variant peptides. We applied this assay to human plasma spiked with recombinant VP40 protein from EBOV, SUDV, and BDBV and virus-like particles (VLP), as well as EBOV infected NHP plasma. Sequence substitutions between EBOV and SUDV, the two species with highest lethality, produced affinity variations of 2.6-fold for p8 and 19-fold for p12. The proposed IP-MS assay differentiates four of the six known EBV species in one assay, through a combination of p8 and p12 data. The IP-MS assay limit of detection (LOD) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) as signal readout was determined to be 28 ng\/mL and 7 ng\/mL for EBOV and SUDV respectively, equivalent to ~1.625\u20136.5\u00d710<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> Geq\/mL, and comparable to the LOD of lateral flow immunoassays currently used for Ebola surveillance. The two peptides of the IP-MS assay were also identified by their tandem MS spectra using a miniature MALDI-TOF MS instrument, greatly increasing the feasibility of high specificity assay in a decentralized laboratory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T18:38:42Z","timestamp":1636396722000},"page":"e1010039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Species-specific quantification of circulating ebolavirus burden using VP40-derived peptide variants"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6240-9712","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qingbo","family":"Shu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Kenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Lyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa H.","family":"Cazares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5166-4937","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tony Y.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1010039.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/147.2.264","article-title":"Biologic differences between strains of Ebola virus from Zaire and Sudan","volume":"147","author":"JB McCormick","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1010039.ref002","first-page":"584","article-title":"Ebola virus: a comparison, at ultrastructural level, of the behaviour of the Sudan and Zaire strains in monkeys","volume":"59","author":"DS Ellis","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1010039.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0147-3","article-title":"Ebola virus disease","volume":"6","author":"ST Jacob","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ppat.1010039.ref004","unstructured":"Viruses ICoTo. Filoviridae 2020 [Available from: www.ictv.global\/report\/filoviridae."},{"key":"ppat.1010039.ref005","unstructured":"CDC. Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease)-Treatment 2020 [Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vhf\/ebola\/treatment\/index.html#:~:text=There%20are%20currently%20two%20treatments,combination%20of%20three%20monoclonal%20antibodies."},{"key":"ppat.1010039.ref006","unstructured":"Administration USFaD. FDA Approves Treatment for Ebola Virus 2020 [Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-safety-and-availability\/fda-approves-treatment-ebola-virus."},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1010039.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.04.026","article-title":"Antibody Treatment of Ebola and Sudan Virus Infection via a Uniquely Exposed Epitope within the Glycoprotein Receptor-Binding Site","volume":"15","author":"KA Howell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1010039.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02171-15","article-title":"Pan-ebolavirus and Pan-filovirus Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies: Protection against Ebola and Sudan Viruses","volume":"90","author":"FW Holtsberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1010039.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4421","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI83162","article-title":"Ebola viral load at diagnosis associates with patient outcome and outbreak evolution","volume":"125","author":"MA de La Vega","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ppat.1010039.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12014-019-9227-3","article-title":"Characterization of the plasma proteome of nonhuman primates during Ebola virus disease or melioidosis: a host response comparison","volume":"16","author":"MD Ward","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Proteomics"},{"key":"ppat.1010039.ref011","unstructured":"Organization WH. Ebola virus disease 2021 [Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/ebola-virus-disease."},{"key":"ppat.1010039.ref012","unstructured":"Organization. WH. 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