{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:05:09Z","timestamp":1791821109156,"version":"4.3.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010081","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639612800000}}],"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI137126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI137126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI131027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI131027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010336","name":"Hellman Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Hellman Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Hellman Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MCB departmental award"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19-AI109962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19-AI109962"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI117890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI117890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Shared Instrumentation Grant 1S10OD010786-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Shared Instrumentation Grant 1S10OD010786-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911NF1910529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF1910529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Protective immunity to parasitic infections has been difficult to elicit by vaccines. Among parasites that evade vaccine-induced immunity is\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which causes lethal secondary infections in chronically infected mice. Here we report that unlike susceptible C57BL\/6J mice, A\/J mice were highly resistant to secondary infection. To identify correlates of immunity, we utilized forward genetics to identify\n                    <jats:italic>Nfkbid<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a nuclear regulator of NF-\u03baB that is required for B cell activation and B-1 cell development.\n                    <jats:italic>Nfkbid<\/jats:italic>\n                    -null mice (\u201c\n                    <jats:italic>bumble<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u201d) did not generate parasite-specific IgM and lacked robust parasite-specific IgG, which correlated with defects in B-2 cell maturation and class-switch recombination. Though high-affinity antibodies were B-2 derived, transfer of B-1 cells partially rescued the immunity defects observed in\n                    <jats:italic>bumble<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice and were required for 100% vaccine efficacy in bone marrow chimeric mice. Immunity in resistant mice correlated with robust isotype class-switching in both B cell lineages, which can be fine-tuned by\n                    <jats:italic>Nfkbid<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression. We propose a model whereby humoral immunity to\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    is regulated by\n                    <jats:italic>Nfkbid<\/jats:italic>\n                    and requires B-1 and B-2 cells for full protection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T13:28:03Z","timestamp":1638797283000},"page":"e1010081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Genetic mapping reveals Nfkbid as a central regulator of humoral immunity to Toxoplasma gondii"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Scott P.","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6435-9085","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samantha D.","family":"Splitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6879-4439","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juan C.","family":"S\u00e0nchez-Arcila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4149-4620","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julia A.","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica N.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1107-8789","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Safuwra","family":"Wizzard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2891-4483","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicole","family":"Baumgarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0707-964X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kirk D. 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