{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:35:27Z","timestamp":1789000527147,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010231","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000}}],"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006227","name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17-LW-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-LW-038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006227","name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-ERD-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-ERD-038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne virus capable of causing hepatitis, encephalitis, blindness, hemorrhagic syndrome, and death in humans and livestock. Upon aerosol infection with RVFV, the brain is a major site of viral replication and tissue damage, yet pathogenesis in this organ has been understudied. Here, we investigated the immune response in the brain of RVFV infected mice. In response to infection, microglia initiated robust transcriptional upregulation of antiviral immune genes, as well as increased levels of activation markers and cytokine secretion that is dependent on mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) and independent of toll-like receptors 3 and 7.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Mavs<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>-\/-<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    mice displayed enhanced susceptibility to RVFV as determined by increased brain viral burden and higher mortality. Single-cell RNA sequence analysis identified defects in type I interferon and interferon responsive gene expression within microglia in\n                    <jats:italic>Mavs<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>-\/-<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    mice, as well as dysregulated lymphocyte infiltration. The results of this study provide a crucial step towards understanding the precise molecular mechanisms by which RVFV infection is controlled in the brain and will help inform the development of vaccines and antiviral therapies that are effective in preventing encephalitis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T13:38:40Z","timestamp":1652881120000},"page":"e1010231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["MAVS mediates a protective immune response in the brain to Rift Valley fever virus"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Nicholas R.","family":"Hum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feliza A.","family":"Bourguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimy","family":"Sebastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashlee M.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina R.","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Rasley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela G.","family":"Loots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7618-4702","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dina R.","family":"Weilhammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1010231.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2010033","article-title":"Rift Valley fever virus(Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus): an update on pathogenesis, molecular epidemiology, vectors, diagnostics and prevention","volume":"41","author":"M Pepin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"ppat.1010231.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2013.81","article-title":"The risk of Rift Valley fever virus introduction and establishment in the United States and European Union","volume":"2","author":"AI Rolin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1010231.ref003","first-page":"6278","article-title":"Possession, Use, and Transfer of Select Agents and Toxins; Biennial Review of the List of Select Agents and Toxins and Enhanced Biosafety Requirements.","volume":"82","year":"2017","journal-title":"Final rule. 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