{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:39:09Z","timestamp":1790869149209,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T13:25:07Z","timestamp":1649942707000},"page":"e1010413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Is Candida albicans an opportunistic oncogenic pathogen?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5286-4562","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"Sultan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios Ionas","family":"Theofilou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areej","family":"Alfaifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Montelongo-Jauregui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary-Ann","family":"Jabra-Rizk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6010015","article-title":"Oral candidiasis: A disease of opportunity","volume":"6","author":"T Vila","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref002","first-page":"181","article-title":"Candida albicans and cancer: Can this yeast induce cancer development or progression?","volume":"42","author":"A Ramirez-Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref003","article-title":"WHO classification of head and neck tumours","author":"AK El-Naggar","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Agency for Research on Cancer"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref004","first-page":"476","article-title":"Candida albicans and Oral Carcinogenesis","volume":"7","author":"M Di Cosola","year":"2021","journal-title":"A Brief Review. J Fungi (Basel)."},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(01)00079-3","article-title":"Oral yeast carriage correlates with presence of oral epithelial dysplasia","volume":"38","author":"M McCullough","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.55.157","article-title":"Mycological and histological associations of Candida in oral mucosal lesions.","volume":"55","author":"PB Hebbar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Oral Sci"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-2926-6","article-title":"Analysis of oral yeast microflora in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"5","author":"C Berkovits","year":"2016","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref008","first-page":"482","article-title":"Evaluation of candidal species among individuals with oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"23","author":"SK Roy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2019;23:302. Erratum in: J Oral Maxillofac Pathol."},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2014.11.008","article-title":"Oral Candida colonization in oral cancer patients and its relationship with traditional risk factors of oral cancer: a matched case-control study","volume":"51","author":"AD Alnuaimi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"13","key":"ppat.1010413.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13133149","article-title":"Mycobiome and Cancer: What Is the Evidence?","volume":"13","author":"N Vallianou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1608-2","article-title":"The fungal mycobiome promotes pancreatic oncogenesis via activation of MBL","volume":"574","author":"B Aykut","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673465","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.673465","article-title":"Analysis of Salivary Mycobiome in a Cohort of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients From Sudan Identifies Higher Salivary Carriage of Malassezia as an Independent and Favorable Predictor of Overall Survival.","volume":"11","author":"N Mohamed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/8.10.1543","article-title":"Possible mycological etiology of oral mucosal cancer: catalytic potential of infecting Candida albicans and other yeasts in production of N-nitrosobenzylmethylamine","volume":"8","author":"P Krogh","year":"1987","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref014","first-page":"2","article-title":"Revisiting the association between candidal infection and carcinoma, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma","author":"M Mohd Bakri","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Oral Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2009.08.002","article-title":"Acetaldehyde production from ethanol and glucose by non-Candida albicans yeasts in vitro","volume":"45","author":"MT Nieminen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2191","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of alcohol-mediated carcinogenesis","volume":"7","author":"HK Seitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4281","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7124281","article-title":"Cellular and mitochondrial effects of alcohol consumption","volume":"7","author":"S Manzo-Avalos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470511848.ch8","article-title":"The role of acetaldehyde in alcohol-associated cancer of the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"285","author":"HK Seitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Novartis Found Symp"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12565","article-title":"Candida virulence and ethanol-derived acetaldehyde production in oral cancer and non-cancer subjects","volume":"22","author":"AD Alnuaimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12905","article-title":"Polymicrobial interactions of Candida albicans and its role in oral carcinogenesis","volume":"48","author":"MH Arzmi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/13.5.783","article-title":"Candida albicans as a promoter of oral mucosal neoplasia","volume":"13","author":"JF O\u2019Grady","year":"1992","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780802165797","article-title":"A novel immunocompetent murine model for Candida albicans-promoted oral epithelial dysplasia","volume":"47","author":"PP Dwivedi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03144","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03144-21","article-title":"Candida albicans Enhances the Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo.","volume":"13","author":"M Vadovics","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00365","article-title":"Cancers related to immunodeficiencies: Update and perspectives","volume":"7","author":"E Mortaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2939","article-title":"Immunity to fungal infections","volume":"11","author":"L. Romani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.08.005","article-title":"Tissue-Specific Immunity at the oral mucosal barrier","volume":"39","author":"NM Moutsopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2021.04.004","article-title":"Understanding the complex pathogenesis of oral cancer. A comprehensive review","volume":"132","author":"M Georgaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau4594","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aau4594","article-title":"Regulation of host-microbe interactions at oral mucosal barriers by type 17 immunity","volume":"5","author":"SL Gaffen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04808","article-title":"IL-23 promotes tumour incidence and growth","volume":"442","author":"JL Langowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2703","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"14","author":"TF Gajewski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaay5731","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay5731","article-title":"Aberrant type 1 immunity drives susceptibility to mucosal fungal infections","volume":"371","author":"TJ Break","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1010413.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.03.006","article-title":"Autoreactive T Cells and Chronic Fungal Infection Drive Esophageal Carcinogenesis.","volume":"21","author":"F Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17625","article-title":"Candidalysin is a fungal peptide toxin critical for mucosal infection","volume":"532","author":"DL Moyes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3648","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.9.3648-3655.1993","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of ECE1, a gene expressed in association with cell elongation of the dimorphic pathogen Candida albicans","volume":"61","author":"CE Birse","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09915-2","article-title":"Candidalysin activates innate epithelial immune responses via epidermal growth factor receptor","volume":"10","author":"J Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaam8834","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aam8834","article-title":"Oral epithelial cells orchestrate innate type 17 responses to Candida albicans through the virulence factor candidalysin","volume":"2","author":"AH Verma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4260","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06607-1","article-title":"The fungal peptide toxin candidalysin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and causes cytolysis in mononuclear phagocytes.","volume":"9","author":"L Kasper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3279","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210421","article-title":"MAP kinase signalling pathways in cancer","volume":"26","author":"AS Dhillon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4403-9","article-title":"NLRP3 promotes tumor growth and metastasis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"18","author":"H Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13255","article-title":"Candida albicans and candidalysin in inflammatory disorders and cancer","volume":"162","author":"J Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ppat.1010413.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13014","article-title":"The role of Candida albicans candidalysin ECE1 gene in oral carcinogenesis","volume":"49","author":"EAF Engku Nasrullah Satiman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010413","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T13:25:37Z","timestamp":1649942737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010413"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Chowdhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010413","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]}}}