{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T03:15:34Z","timestamp":1789096534540,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010734","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667433600000}}],"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN272201400008C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN272201400008C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011119","name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ORFGA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORFGA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011119","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012483","name":"University of Georgia Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Georgia Research Alliance"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Georgia Research Alliance"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011119","name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Caswell S Eidson endowment fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Caswell S Eidson endowment fund"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011119","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS2) affected the geriatric population. Among research models, Golden Syrian hamsters (GSH) are one of the most representative to study SARS2 pathogenesis and host responses. However, animal studies that recapitulate the effects of SARS2 in the human geriatric population are lacking. To address this gap, we inoculated 14 months old GSH with a prototypic ancestral strain of SARS2 and studied the effects on virus pathogenesis, virus shedding, and respiratory and gastrointestinal microbiome changes. SARS2 infection led to high vRNA loads in the nasal turbinates (NT), lungs, and trachea as well as higher pulmonary lesions scores later in infection. Dysbiosis throughout SARS2 disease progression was observed in the pulmonary microbial dynamics with the enrichment of opportunistic pathogens (\n                    <jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Johnsonella)<\/jats:italic>\n                    and microbes associated with inflammation (\n                    <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Changes in the gut microbial community also reflected an increase in multiple genera previously associated with intestinal inflammation and disease (\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Mucispirillum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae, and Spirochaetaceae). Influenza A virus (FLUAV) pre-exposure resulted in slightly more pronounced pathology in the NT and lungs early on (3 dpc), and more notable changes in lungs compared to the gut microbiome dynamics. Similarities among aged GSH and the microbiome in critically ill COVID-19 patients, particularly in the lower respiratory tract, suggest that GSHs are a representative model to investigate microbial changes during SARS2 infection. The relationship between the residential microbiome and other confounding factors, such as SARS2 infection, in a widely used animal model, contributes to a better understanding of the complexities associated with the host responses during viral infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T13:28:16Z","timestamp":1666618096000},"page":"e1010734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pathobiology and dysbiosis of the respiratory and intestinal microbiota in 14 months old Golden Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Brittany","family":"Seibert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Joaqu\u00edn","family":"C\u00e1ceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Carnaccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stivalis","family":"Cardenas-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Claire","family":"Gay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ginger","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela S.","family":"Rajao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Ottesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6569-5689","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1010734.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00542-7","article-title":"Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2: pathogenesis and host responses in the respiratory tract","volume":"19","author":"T Flerlage","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1010734.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101205","article-title":"Aging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention","volume":"65","author":"Y Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1010734.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.0994","article-title":"Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan","volume":"180","author":"C Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"China. 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