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The current acellular pertussis vaccines remain ineffective against nasopharyngeal colonization, carriage, and transmission. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that Bordetella polysaccharide (Bps), a member of the poly-\u03b2-1,6-\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -acetyl-D-glucosamine (PNAG\/PGA) family of polysaccharides promotes respiratory tract colonization of\n                    <jats:italic>Bp<\/jats:italic>\n                    by resisting killing by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Genetic deletion of the\n                    <jats:italic>bpsA-D<\/jats:italic>\n                    locus, as well as treatment with the specific glycoside hydrolase Dispersin B, increased susceptibility to AMP-mediated killing. Bps was found to be both cell surface-associated and released during laboratory growth and mouse infections. Addition of bacterial supernatants containing Bps and purified Bps increased\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n                    resistance to AMPs. By utilizing ELISA, immunoblot and flow cytometry assays, we show that Bps functions as a dual surface shield and decoy. Co-inoculation of C57BL\/6J mice with a Bps-proficient strain enhanced respiratory tract survival of the Bps-deficient strain. In combination, the presented results highlight the critical role of Bps as a central driver of\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathogenesis. Heterologous production of Bps in a non-pathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    K12 strain increased AMP resistance\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and augmented bacterial survival and pathology in the mouse respiratory tract. These studies can serve as a foundation for other PNAG\/PGA polysaccharides and for the development of an effective\n                    <jats:italic>Bp<\/jats:italic>\n                    vaccine that includes Bps.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T13:41:10Z","timestamp":1660570870000},"page":"e1010764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Bps polysaccharide of Bordetella pertussis resists antimicrobial peptides by functioning as a dual surface shield and decoy and converts Escherichia coli into a respiratory pathogen"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Audra R.","family":"Fullen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Gutierrez-Ferman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kacy S.","family":"Yount","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheraton F.","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun G.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario A.","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepa","family":"Raju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kara N.","family":"Corps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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