{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:00:49Z","timestamp":1791230449359,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/COE\/34\/SP15138\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/COE\/34\/SP15138\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011753","name":"National Institute of Immunology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011753","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011753","name":"National Institute of Immunology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JC Bose fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JC Bose fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011753","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001412","name":"Council of Scientific & Industrial Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Senior Research Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Senior Research Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Phosphoinositides are important second messengers that regulate key cellular processes in eukaryotes. While it is known that a single phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) catalyses the formation of 3\u2019-phosphorylated phosphoinositides (PIPs) in apicomplexan parasites like\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    , how its activity and PI3P formation is regulated has remained unknown. Present studies involving a unique Vps15 like protein (TgVPS15) in\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    provides insight into the regulation of phosphatidyl-3-phosphate (PI3P) generation and unravels a novel pathway that regulates parasite development. Detailed investigations suggested that TgVPS15 regulates PI3P formation in\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which is important for the inheritance of the apicoplast-a plastid like organelle present in most apicomplexans and parasite replication. Interestingly, TgVPS15 also regulates autophagy in\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    under nutrient-limiting conditions as it promotes autophagosome formation. For both these processes, TgVPS15 uses PI3P-binding protein TgATG18 and regulates trafficking and conjugation of TgATG8 to the apicoplast and autophagosomes, which is important for biogenesis of these organelles. TgVPS15 has a protein kinase domain but lacks several key residues conserved in conventional protein kinases. Interestingly, two critical residues in its active site are important for PI3P formation and parasitic functions of this kinase. Collectively, these studies unravel a signalling cascade involving TgVPS15, a novel effector of PI3-kinase in\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and possibly other Apicomplexa, that regulate critical processes like apicoplast biogenesis and autophagy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T13:28:56Z","timestamp":1667309336000},"page":"e1010922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A VPS15-like kinase regulates apicoplast biogenesis and autophagy by promoting PI3P generation in Toxoplasma gondii"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Rahul Singh","family":"Rawat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6861-0508","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pushkar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6582","key":"ppat.1010922.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/381482a0","article-title":"Plastid in human parasites","volume":"381","author":"GI McFadden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1010922.ref002","first-page":"426","article-title":"Origin, targeting, and function of the apicomplexan plastid.","volume":"2","author":"DS Roos","year":"1999"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1010922.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030078","article-title":"Building the perfect parasite: cell division in apicomplexa","volume":"3","author":"B Striepen","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1010922.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00028.2012","article-title":"Phosphoinositides: tiny lipids with giant impact on cell regulation","volume":"93","author":"T. 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