{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:46:17Z","timestamp":1783529177204,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":185,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\u201cEpitranscriptomics\u201d is the new RNA code that represents an ensemble of posttranscriptional RNA chemical modifications, which can precisely coordinate gene expression and biological processes. There are several RNA base modifications, such as<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>6<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>-methyladenosine (m<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), and pseudouridine (\u03a8), etc. that play pivotal roles in fine-tuning gene expression in almost all eukaryotes and emerging evidences suggest that parasitic protists are no exception. In this review, we primarily focus on m<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>A, which is the most abundant epitranscriptomic mark and regulates numerous cellular processes, ranging from nuclear export, mRNA splicing, polyadenylation, stability, and translation. We highlight the universal features of spatiotemporal m<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>A RNA modifications in eukaryotic phylogeny, their homologs, and unique processes in 3 unicellular parasites\u2014<jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>sp.,<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>sp., and<jats:italic>Trypanosoma<\/jats:italic>sp. and some technological advances in this rapidly developing research area that can significantly improve our understandings of gene expression regulation in parasites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T18:28:19Z","timestamp":1671733699000},"page":"e1010972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Epitranscriptomics in parasitic protists: Role of RNA chemical modifications in posttranscriptional gene regulation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Catacalos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Krohannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahiti","family":"Somalraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate D.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarath Chandra","family":"Janga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0647-7411","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kausik","family":"Chakrabarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1010972.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(01)02196-1","article-title":"Systematics of the parasitic Protozoa","volume":"18","author":"FE Cox","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1010972.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1010375","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010375","article-title":"Experimental evolution links post-transcriptional regulation to Leishmania fitness gain","volume":"18","author":"L Piel","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ppat.1010972.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2014.06.013","article-title":"Noncoding RNAs as emerging regulators of Plasmodium falciparum virulence gene expression","volume":"20","author":"SS Vembar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1010972.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3785","article-title":"The dynamic epitranscriptome: N6-methyladenosine and gene expression control","volume":"15","author":"KD Meyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1010972.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1489","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.1489","article-title":"RNA methylation in nuclear pre-mRNA processing","volume":"9","author":"H Covelo-Molares","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA"},{"issue":"33","key":"ppat.1010972.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)30477-5","article-title":"Sequence specificity of mRNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase","volume":"265","author":"T Csepany","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1010972.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00239","DOI":"10.1002\/pld3.239","article-title":"N(6)-methyladenosine and RNA secondary structure affect transcript stability and protein abundance during systemic salt stress","volume":"4","author":"MC Kramer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arabidopsis. 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