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However, there are challenges in applying this technology in extreme environments. We introduced two\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains into\n                    <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    from Saudi Arabia for a release program in the hot coastal city of Jeddah.\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    reduced infection and dissemination of dengue virus (DENV2) in Saudi Arabian mosquitoes and showed complete maternal transmission and cytoplasmic incompatibility.\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    reduced egg hatch under a range of environmental conditions, with the\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains showing differential thermal stability.\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    effects were similar across mosquito genetic backgrounds but we found evidence of local adaptation, with Saudi Arabian mosquitoes having lower egg viability but higher adult desiccation tolerance than Australian mosquitoes. Genetic background effects will influence\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    invasion dynamics, reinforcing the need to use local genotypes for mosquito release programs, particularly in extreme environments like Jeddah. Our comprehensive characterization of\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains provides a foundation for\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    -based disease interventions in harsh climates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T13:33:41Z","timestamp":1675172021000},"page":"e1011117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Developing Wolbachia-based disease interventions for an extreme environment"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7645-7523","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Perran 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Shyan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yexin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason K.","family":"Axford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Home","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majed S.","family":"Nassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasad N.","family":"Paradkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Essam A.","family":"Tawfik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis M.","family":"Jiggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz M.","family":"Almalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed B.","family":"Al-Fageeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ary 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