{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:49:23Z","timestamp":1791528563713,"version":"4.3.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011200","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000}}],"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R37AI32738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37AI32738"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R37AI32738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37AI32738"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["U01AI125926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI125926"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["T32AI060555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI060555"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["DP2HD094656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP2HD094656"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["T32GM007377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM007377"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["F31HL152621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31HL152621"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the mammalian intestine, flagellar motility can provide microbes competitive advantage, but also threatens the spatial segregation established by the host at the epithelial surface. Unlike microbicidal defensins, previous studies indicated that the protective activities of human \u03b1-defensin 6 (HD6), a peptide secreted by Paneth cells of the small intestine, resides in its remarkable ability to bind microbial surface proteins and self-assemble into protective fibers and nets. Given its ability to bind flagellin, we proposed that HD6 might be an effective inhibitor of bacterial motility. Here, we utilized advanced automated live cell fluorescence imaging to assess the effects of HD6 on actively swimming <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> in real time. We found that HD6 was able to effectively restrict flagellar motility of individual bacteria. Flagellin-specific antibody, a classic inhibitor of flagellar motility that utilizes a mechanism of agglutination, lost its activity at low bacterial densities, whereas HD6 activity was not diminished. A single amino acid variant of HD6 that was able to bind flagellin, but not self-assemble, lost ability to inhibit flagellar motility. Together, these results suggest a specialized role of HD6 self-assembly into polymers in targeting and restricting flagellar motility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T18:39:26Z","timestamp":1677177566000},"page":"e1011200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Flagella-driven motility is a target of human Paneth cell defensin activity"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Douglas T.","family":"Akahoshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean E.","family":"Natwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weirong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wuyuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean R.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2725-2622","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charles L.","family":"Bevins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1011200.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2653","article-title":"Intestinal mucosal barrier function in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"JR Turner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011200.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2017.1343143","article-title":"The intestinal barrier: a fundamental role in health and disease","volume":"11","author":"M Vancamelbeke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011200.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.08.002","article-title":"Pursuing Human-Relevant Gut Microbiota-Immune Interactions","volume":"51","author":"SP Spencer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011200.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3552","article-title":"Gut biogeography of the bacterial microbiota","volume":"14","author":"GP Donaldson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011200.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.08.003","article-title":"Microbiota-Nourishing Immunity: A Guide to Understanding Our Microbial Self","volume":"51","author":"Y Litvak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ppat.1011200.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCarville JL, Chen GY, Cuevas VD, Troha K, Ayres JS. 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