{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:50:32Z","timestamp":1791557432331,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/S005196\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/S005196\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Candia auris<\/jats:italic> is an emerging human pathogenic yeast; yet, despite phenotypic attributes and genomic evidence suggesting that it probably emerged from a natural reservoir, we know nothing about the environmental phase of its life cycle and the transmission pathways associated with it. The thermotolerant characteristics of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic> have been hypothesised to be an environmental adaptation to increasing temperatures due to global warming (which may have facilitated its ability to tolerate the mammalian thermal barrier that is considered a protective strategy for humans against colonisation by environmental fungi with pathogenic potential). Thus, <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic> may be the first human pathogenic fungus to have emerged as a result of climate change. In addition, the release of antifungal chemicals, such as azoles, into the environment (from both pharmaceutical and agricultural sources) is likely to be responsible for the environmental enrichment of resistant strains of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic>; however, the survival and dissemination of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic> in the natural environment is poorly understood. In this paper, we critically review the possible pathways through which <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic> can be introduced into the environment and evaluate the environmental characteristics that can influence its persistence and transmission in natural environments. Identifying potential environmental niches and reservoirs of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic> and understanding its emergence against a backdrop of climate change and environmental pollution will be crucial for the development of effective epidemiological and environmental management responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T17:24:04Z","timestamp":1681406644000},"page":"e1011268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Environmental reservoirs of the drug-resistant pathogenic yeast Candida auris"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6617-2791","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ayorinde B.","family":"Akinbobola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Kean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Manzoor Ahmed","family":"Hanifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard S.","family":"Quilliam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1011268.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2008.00083.x","article-title":"Candida auris sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast isolated from the external ear canal of an inpatient in a Japanese hospital","volume":"53","author":"K Satoh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1011268.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57","DOI":"10.1086\/597108","article-title":"Candida haemulonii and closely related species at 5 university hospitals in Korea: identification, antifungal susceptibility, and clinical features","volume":"48","author":"M Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1011268.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00319-11","article-title":"First three reported cases of nosocomial fungemia caused by Candida auris","volume":"49","author":"WG Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1011268.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy054","article-title":"Candida auris: The recent emergence of a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen","volume":"57","author":"K Forsberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ppat.1011268.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008921","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008921","article-title":"Candida auris: Epidemiology, biology, antifungal resistance, and virulence.","volume":"16","author":"H Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ppat.1011268.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.12.030","article-title":"Outbreak of Candida auris infection in a COVID-19 hospital in Mexico","volume":"27","author":"H Villanueva-Lozano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ppat.1011268.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020157","article-title":"First Candida auris outbreak during a COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary-care center in Lebanon.","volume":"10","author":"F Allaw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ppat.1011268.ref008","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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