{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:05:19Z","timestamp":1790435119329,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011283","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000}}],"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Infravec 2, grant agreement No 731060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Infravec 2, grant agreement No 731060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Infravec2, grant agreement No 731060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Infravec2, grant agreement No 731060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Infravec2, grant agreement No 731060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Infravec2, grant agreement No 731060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_12014\/8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12014\/8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_12014\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12014\/12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_12014\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12014\/12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008656","name":"Fondation Finovi","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008656","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008656","name":"Fondation Finovi","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008656","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006488","name":"Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006488","name":"Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes"},{"name":"Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes"},{"name":"University of Lyon 1"},{"name":"University of Lyon 1"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["National Institute of Virology and Bacteriology, Programme EXCELES, ID Project No. LX22NPO5103, Next Generation EU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["National Institute of Virology and Bacteriology, Programme EXCELES, ID Project No. LX22NPO5103, Next Generation EU"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NextGeneration EU-MUR PNRR Extended Partnership initiative on Emerging Infectious Diseases (Project no. PE00000007, INF-ACT)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NextGeneration EU-MUR PNRR Extended Partnership initiative on Emerging Infectious Diseases (Project no. PE00000007, INF-ACT)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["210462\/Z\/18\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["210462\/Z\/18\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Toscana virus (TOSV) (\n                    <jats:italic>Bunyavirales<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Phenuiviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Phlebovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Toscana phlebovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and other related human pathogenic arboviruses are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. TOSV has been reported in nations bordering the Mediterranean Sea among other regions. Infection can result in febrile illness as well as meningitis and encephalitis. Understanding vector-arbovirus interactions is crucial to improving our knowledge of how arboviruses spread, and in this context, immune responses that control viral replication play a significant role. Extensive research has been conducted on mosquito vector immunity against arboviruses, with RNA interference (RNAi) and specifically the exogenous siRNA (exo-siRNA) pathway playing a critical role. However, the antiviral immunity of phlebotomine sand flies is less well understood. Here we were able to show that the exo-siRNA pathway is active in a\n                    <jats:italic>Phlebotomus papatasi<\/jats:italic>\n                    -derived cell line. Following TOSV infection, distinctive 21 nucleotide virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) were detected. We also identified the exo-siRNA effector Ago2 in this cell line, and silencing its expression rendered the exo-siRNA pathway largely inactive. Thus, our data show that this pathway is active as an antiviral response against a sand fly transmitted bunyavirus, TOSV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T13:57:03Z","timestamp":1680184623000},"page":"e1011283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Characterisation of the antiviral RNA interference response to Toscana virus in sand fly cells"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Akira J. T.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Salvemini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vattipally B.","family":"Sreenu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erich 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update on Toscana virus distribution, genetics, medical and diagnostic aspects","volume":"26","author":"N Ayhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011283.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v1.i5.135","article-title":"Emergence of Toscana virus in the mediterranean area","volume":"1","author":"RN Charrel","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Virol"},{"key":"ppat.1011283.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2014.01.011","article-title":"Emerging phleboviruses.","volume":"5","author":"RM Elliott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1011283.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v8060174","article-title":"Phleboviruses and the Type I Interferon Response.","volume":"8","author":"JD 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