{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:04:52Z","timestamp":1790827492771,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011307","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682294400000}}],"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI143758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI143758"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic> is the primary vector of the arboviruses dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV). These viruses exhibit key differences in their vector interactions, the latter moving more quicky through the mosquito and triggering fewer standard antiviral pathways. As the global footprint of CHIKV continues to expand, we seek to better understand the mosquito\u2019s natural response to CHIKV\u2014both to compare it to DENV:vector coevolutionary history and to identify potential targets in the mosquito for genetic modification. We used a modified full-sibling design to estimate the contribution of mosquito genetic variation to viral loads of both DENV and CHIKV. Heritabilities were significant, but higher for DENV (40%) than CHIKV (18%). Interestingly, there was no genetic correlation between DENV and CHIKV loads between siblings. These data suggest <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aegypti<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes respond to the two viruses using distinct genetic mechanisms. We also examined genome-wide patterns of gene expression between High and Low CHIKV families representing the phenotypic extremes of viral load. Using RNAseq, we identified only two loci that consistently differentiated High and Low families: a long non-coding RNA that has been identified in mosquito screens post-infection and a distant member of a family of Salivary Gland Specific (SGS) genes. Interestingly, the latter gene is also associated with horizontal gene transfer between mosquitoes and the endosymbiotic bacterium <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>. This work is the first to link the SGS gene to a mosquito phenotype. Understanding the molecular details of how this gene contributes to viral control in mosquitoes may, therefore, also shed light on its role in <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T17:40:43Z","timestamp":1681321243000},"page":"e1011307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Dengue and chikungunya virus loads in the mosquito Aedes aegypti are determined by distinct genetic architectures"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mario","family":"Novelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heverton LC","family":"Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hillery C.","family":"Metz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah T.","family":"Sigle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca D.","family":"Frentiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott L.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen F.","family":"Chenoweth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7973-088X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"McGraw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed5030142","article-title":"Global perspectives on arbovirus outbreaks: a 2020 snapshot","volume":"5","author":"RC Kading","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30518-7","article-title":"Epidemic arboviral diseases: priorities for research and public health","volume":"17","author":"A Wilder-Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.76835","article-title":"Dengue shock","volume":"4","author":"S. Rajapakse","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Emerg Trauma Shock"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1978","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1978","article-title":"The neurological complications of chikungunya virus: A systematic review.","volume":"28","author":"R Mehta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0276-9","article-title":"Rheumatic manifestations of chikungunya: emerging concepts and interventions","volume":"15","author":"A. Suhrbier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4703","DOI":"10.3390\/v6114703","article-title":"Flavivirus-mosquito interactions.","volume":"6","author":"Y-J Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"viruses"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3390\/v10020084","article-title":"Mosquitoes as suitable vectors for alphaviruses.","volume":"10","author":"E Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biy119","article-title":"Recent history of Aedes aegypti: Vector genomics and epidemiology records","volume":"68","author":"JR Powell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12060","article-title":"The global distribution and burden of dengue","volume":"496","author":"S Bhatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0770","article-title":"The history of dengue outbreaks in the Americas","volume":"87","author":"O Brathwaite Dick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.08.032","article-title":"Chikungunya, a paradigm of neglected tropical disease that emerged to be a new health global risk.","volume":"64","author":"V Rougeron","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2018.1559708","article-title":"Chikungunya virus in Asia\u2013Pacific: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"BMCR Wimalasiri-Yapa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S436","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw391","article-title":"Chikungunya: Its history in Africa and Asia and its spread to new regions in 2013\u20132014","volume":"214","author":"H Zeller","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S441","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw390","article-title":"Epidemiology of chikungunya in the Americas","volume":"214","author":"S Yactayo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008218","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008218","article-title":"Intra-host growth kinetics of dengue virus in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.","volume":"15","author":"M Novelo","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1979.28.1045","article-title":"Variation in susceptibility to oral infection with dengue viruses among geographic strains of Aedes aegypti","volume":"28","author":"DJ Gubler","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0186","article-title":"Comparative susceptibility of mosquito populations in North Queensland, Australia to oral infection with dengue virus","volume":"90","author":"YH Ye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12373","article-title":"Oral susceptibility of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Senegal for dengue serotypes 1 and 3 viruses.","volume":"19","author":"A Gaye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trop Med Intl Health"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.422","article-title":"Susceptibility of Florida mosquitoes to infection with chikungunya virus","volume":"78","author":"MH Reiskind","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.176614","article-title":"Chikungunya virus susceptibility & variation in populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito from India.","volume":"142","author":"MD Gokhale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2014.12.002","article-title":"Susceptibility of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti to three imported chikungunya virus strains, including the E1\/226V variant in Taiwan.","volume":"114","author":"T-H Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Formosan Med Assoc"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005724","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005724","article-title":"Transmission risk of two chikungunya lineages by invasive mosquito vectors from Florida and the Dominican Republic.","volume":"11","author":"BW Alto","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1976.25.326","article-title":"Variation among geographic strains of Aedes albopictus in susceptibility to infection with chikungunya virus","volume":"25","author":"RB Tesh","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6294","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00370-14","article-title":"High level of vector competence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from ten American countries as a crucial factor in the spread of chikungunya virus","volume":"88","author":"A Vega-R\u00faa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5895","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005895","article-title":"Chikungunya virus and Aedes mosquitoes: saliva is infectious as soon as two days after oral infection.","volume":"4","author":"M Dubrulle","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1159\/000499128","article-title":"Molecular basis for arbovirus transmission by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.","volume":"61","author":"LA Alonso-Palomares","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intervirol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2011.01098.x","article-title":"An update on mosquito cell expressed dengue virus receptor proteins","volume":"21","author":"DR Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuu004","article-title":"Receptors and routes of dengue virus entry into the host cells","volume":"39","author":"C Cruz-Oliveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.07.015","article-title":"Identification and characterization of prohibitin as a receptor protein mediating DENV-2 entry into insect cells.","volume":"406","author":"A Kuadkitkan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.05.012","article-title":"Endocytic pathway followed by dengue virus to infect the mosquito cell line C6\/36 HT.","volume":"378","author":"C Mosso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140824","article-title":"Dengue-3 virus entry into Vero cells: Role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the outcome of infection.","volume":"10","author":"LE Piccini","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005976","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005976","article-title":"Chikungunya virus dissemination from the midgut of Aedes aegypti is associated with temporal basal lamina degradation during bloodmeal digestion","volume":"11","author":"S Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4745","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03184-15","article-title":"Dynamics of chikungunya virus cell entry unraveled by single-virus tracking in living cells","volume":"90","author":"TE Hoornweg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2050","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002050","article-title":"Mosquito cellular factors and functions in mediating the infectious entry of chikungunya virus.","volume":"7","author":"RCH Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref035","first-page":"988","article-title":"Molecular characteristics and replication mechanism of dengue, zika and chikungunya arboviruses, and their treatments with natural extracts from plants: An updated review.","volume":"18","author":"AK Rodriguez","year":"2019","journal-title":"EXCLI J"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref036","first-page":"1","article-title":"Functional processing and secretion of Chikungunya virus E1 and E2 glycoproteins in insect cells.","volume":"8","author":"SW Metz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/p570","volume-title":"Dengue.","author":"SB Halstead","year":"2008"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e107","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30385-1","article-title":"Chikungunya virus: an update on the biology and pathogenesis of this emerging pathogen","volume":"17","author":"FJ Burt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref039","first-page":"119","article-title":"Chikungunya virus infection of Aedes mosquitoes.","author":"HV Wong","year":"2016"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5902","DOI":"10.3390\/v7112917","article-title":"Chikungunya virus replication in salivary glands of the mosquito Aedes albopictus.","volume":"7","author":"A Vega-R\u00faa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.3390\/v10100571","article-title":"Ultrastructural analysis of chikungunya virus dissemination from the midgut of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti.","volume":"10","author":"A Kantor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0648","article-title":"In vivo imaging of Chikungunya virus in mice and Aedes mosquitoes using a renilla luciferase clone","volume":"11","author":"SA Ziegler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonot Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-7-9","article-title":"Dengue virus type 2: replication and tropisms in orally infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes","volume":"7","author":"MI Salazar","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0193","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of replication and tropisms of dengue virus type 2 in Aedes albopictus","volume":"83","author":"X Zhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3390\/v11020175","article-title":"Tropism of the chikungunya virus.","volume":"11","author":"G Matusali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081708","article-title":"Co-Infection of mosquitoes with chikungunya and dengue viruses reveals modulation of the replication of both viruses in midguts and salivary glands of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.","volume":"18","author":"A Le Coupanec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10678","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010678","article-title":"Dengue Virus inhibits immune responses in Aedes aegypti cells.","volume":"5","author":"S Sim","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.0133.x","article-title":"The roles of JAK\/STAT signaling in Drosophila immune responses","volume":"198","author":"H Agaisse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2009.01.007","article-title":"The role of NF-\u03baB factor REL2 in the Aedes aegypti immune response","volume":"39","author":"Y Antonova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005187","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005187","article-title":"Engineered Aedes aegypti JAK\/STAT pathway-mediated immunity to dengue virus","volume":"11","author":"N Jupatanakul","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2994","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002994","article-title":"Characterization of Aedes aegypti innate-immune pathways that limit chikungunya virus replication.","volume":"8","author":"M McFarlane","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.01.162","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of Aedes aegypti in response to mono-infections and co-infections of dengue virus-2 and chikungunya virus","volume":"492","author":"J Shrinet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003057","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003057","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies reveal a simple genetic basis of resistance to naturally coevolving viruses in Drosophila melanogaster.","volume":"8","author":"MM Magwire","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS Genet"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2952","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evw212","article-title":"Role of host-driven mutagenesis in determining genome evolution of sigma virus (DMelSV; Rhabdoviridae) in Drosophila melanogaster.","volume":"8","author":"H Piontkivska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Biol Evol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0533-3","article-title":"Selection on Aedes aegypti alters Wolbachia-mediated dengue virus blocking and fitness.","volume":"4","author":"SA Ford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol."},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4212-z","article-title":"Using genetic variation in Aedes aegypti to identify candidate anti-dengue virus genes","volume":"19","author":"G Terradas","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2589-3","article-title":"Family level variation in Wolbachia-mediated dengue virus blocking in Aedes aegypti.","volume":"10","author":"G Terradas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2019.04.004","article-title":"Expanding the canon: Non-classical mosquito genes at the interface of arboviral infection","volume":"109","author":"LT Sigle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4114","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.7.4114-4126.2004","article-title":"Description of the transcriptomes of immune response-activated hemocytes from the mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti and Armigeres subalbatus","volume":"72","author":"LC Bartholomay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e878","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000878","article-title":"Arbovirus detection in insect vectors by rapid, high-throughput pyrosequencing.","volume":"4","author":"KA Bishop-Lilly","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msn253","article-title":"An ancient horizontal gene transfer between mosquito and the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia pipientis","volume":"26","author":"M Woolfit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-10-33","article-title":"Horizontal gene transfer between Wolbachia and the mosquito Aedes aegypti","volume":"10","author":"L Klasson","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00611.x","article-title":"A mosquito-specific protein family includes candidate receptors for malaria sporozoite invasion of salivary glands","volume":"8","author":"S Korochkina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"SF Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5136","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.15.5136-5145.2005","article-title":"Distribution, expression, and motif variability of ankyrin domain genes in Wolbachia pipientis","volume":"187","author":"I Iturbe-Ormaetxe","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.965","article-title":"Quantitative genetics of vector competence for dengue-2 virus in Aedes aegypti","volume":"59","author":"CF Bosio","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref067","first-page":"2459","article-title":"Evolutionary potential of the extrinsic incubation period of dengue virus in Aedes aegypti","volume":"70","author":"YH Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evolution (N Y)"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref068","volume-title":"Introduction to Quantitative Genetics","author":"DS Falconer","year":"1996","edition":"4"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3117","article-title":"Environmental quality and evolutionary potential: lessons from wild populations","volume":"272","author":"A Charmantier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000008","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000008","article-title":"Data and theory point to mainly additive genetic variance for complex traits.","volume":"4","author":"WG Hill","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLOS Genet."},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.hdy.6800532","article-title":"Genetic correlations, tradeoffs and environmental variation","volume":"93","author":"CM Sgr\u00f2","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heredity (Edinb)."},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2361","article-title":"Linkage disequilibrium\u2014understanding the evolutionary past and mapping the medical future","volume":"9","author":"M. Slatkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374984-0.00611-2","volume-title":"Brenner\u2019s Encyclopedia of Genetics.","author":"WG Hill","year":"2013","edition":"2"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1673\/031.010.4101","article-title":"Differential gene expression from midguts of refractory and susceptible lines of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, infected with dengue-2 virus.","volume":"10","author":"OL Bar\u00f3n","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Insect Sci."},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e646","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000646","article-title":"Consequences of the expanding global distribution of Aedes albopictus for dengue virus transmission.","volume":"4","author":"L Lambrechts","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-9-160","article-title":"Genetic specificity and potential for local adaptation between dengue viruses and mosquito vectors","volume":"9","author":"L Lambrechts","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e201","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030201","article-title":"A Single Mutation in chikungunya virus affects vector specificity and epidemic potential.","volume":"3","author":"KA Tsetsarkin","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog."},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(03)00206-3","article-title":"Questions on viral population biology to complete dengue puzzle","volume":"11","author":"C Chevillon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13642","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70367-6","article-title":"Unlike Zika, Chikungunya virus interferes in the viability of Aedes aegypti eggs, regardless of females\u2019 age.","volume":"10","author":"MEB Resck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjy097","article-title":"Evaluation of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) life table attributes upon chikungunya virus replication reveals impact on egg-laying pathways.","volume":"55","author":"PDNN Sirisena","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.3390\/v12070719","article-title":"Effect of oral infection of Mayaro virus on fitness correlates and expression of immune related genes in Aedes aegypti.","volume":"12","author":"BW Alto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59933","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059933","article-title":"Age-dependent effects of oral infection with dengue virus on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) feeding behavior, survival, oviposition success and fecundity.","volume":"8","author":"G Sylvestre","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.119","article-title":"Impact of dengue virus infection on feeding behavior of Aedes aegypti","volume":"57","author":"KB Platt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16101742","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of dengue virus in Aedes aegypti in yogyakarta city before deployment of Wolbachia infected Aedes aegypti","volume":"16","author":"A Rahayu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003528","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003528","article-title":"Households as foci for dengue transmission in highly urban Vietnam.","volume":"9","author":"KL Anders","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0772","article-title":"Towards a Casa Segura: a consumer product study of the effect of insecticide-treated curtains on Aedes aegypti and dengue virus infections in the home","volume":"89","author":"MA Loro\u00f1o-Pino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref087","first-page":"951","article-title":"Outbreak of chikungunya fever in Thailand and virus detection in field population of vector mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae).","volume":"40","author":"U Thavara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008972","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008972","article-title":"Natural arbovirus infection rate and detectability of indoor female Aedes aegypti from M\u00e9rida, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico.","volume":"15","author":"OD Kirstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-018-01629-9","article-title":"Insect-specific virus evolution and potential effects on vector competence","volume":"55","author":"P \u00d6hlund","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0252369","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252369","article-title":"A survey of mosquito-borne and insect-specific viruses in hospitals and livestock markets in western Kenya.","volume":"16","author":"T Chiuya","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090873","article-title":"Mosquito-specific viruses\u2014transmission and interaction.","volume":"11","author":"E Agboli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2079","article-title":"The discovery and global distribution of novel mosquito-associated viruses in the last decade (2007\u20132017).","volume":"29","author":"E Atoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol."},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2018.10.004","article-title":"RNAi-mediated antiviral immunity in insects and their possible application","volume":"32","author":"M Leggewie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002065","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002065","article-title":"Mutualism breakdown by amplification of Wolbachia genes","volume":"13","author":"E Chrostek","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS Biol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1009612","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009612","article-title":"Forward genetics in Wolbachia: Regulation of Wolbachia proliferation by the amplification and deletion of an addictive genomic island","volume":"17","author":"EH Duarte","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS Genet"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003896","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003896","article-title":"Wolbachia variants induce differential protection to viruses in Drosophila melanogaster: a phenotypic and phylogenomic analysis.","volume":"9","author":"E Chrostek","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS Genet"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref097","first-page":"13","article-title":"Comparative genomics reveals factors associated with phenotypic expression of Wolbachia","author":"GC Bai\u00e3o","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genome Biol Evol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evt169","article-title":"Genomic evolution of the pathogenic Wolbachia Strain, wMelPop","volume":"5","author":"M Woolfit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Biol Evol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.218198","article-title":"How to turn an organism into a model organism in 10 \u2018easy\u2019 steps.","volume":"223","author":"BJ Matthews","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18126","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018126","article-title":"Dynamics of immune system gene expression upon bacterial challenge and wounding in a social insect (Bombus terrestris).","volume":"6","author":"S Erler","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS One."},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05198-7","article-title":"Saliva collection via capillary method may underestimate arboviral transmission by mosquitoes.","volume":"15","author":"A Gloria-Soria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4377","article-title":"Implications of human genetic variation in CRISPR-based therapeutic genome editing","volume":"23","author":"DA Scott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref103","first-page":"1400","article-title":"Transcontinental movement of asian genotype chikungunya virus.","volume":"20","author":"Nakajima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13398","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013398","article-title":"Wolbachia-mediated resistance to dengue virus infection and death at the cellular level.","volume":"5","author":"FD Frentiu","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0853-y","article-title":"Effect of repeat human blood feeding on Wolbachia density and dengue virus infection in Aedes aegypti","volume":"8","author":"HE Amuzu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15412","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15412","article-title":"Impact of simultaneous exposure to arboviruses on infection and transmission by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.","volume":"8","author":"C R\u00fcckert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref107","article-title":"Genetic analysis of complex traits using SAS","author":"AM Saxton","year":"2004","journal-title":"SAS Publishing"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"AM Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635","article-title":"STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner","volume":"29","author":"A Dobin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt214","article-title":"The Subread aligner: fast, accurate and scalable read mapping by seed-and-vote.","volume":"41","author":"Y Liao","year":"2013","journal-title":"NAR"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"MI Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43847","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43847","article-title":"The RNAi pathway plays a small part in Wolbachia-mediated blocking of dengue virus in mosquito cells.","volume":"7","author":"G Terradas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ppat.1011307.ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT method.","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011307","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682294400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T17:43:12Z","timestamp":1682358192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011307"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Raul","family":"Andino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011307","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011307","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]}}}