{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:30:47Z","timestamp":1791945047369,"version":"4.3.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011308","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000}}],"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in emergence of lineages which impact the effectiveness of immunotherapies and vaccines that are based on the early Wuhan isolate. All currently approved vaccines employ the spike protein S, as it is the target for neutralizing antibodies. Here we describe two SARS-CoV-2 isolates with unusually large deletions in the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike. Cryo-EM structural analysis shows that the deletions result in complete reshaping of the NTD supersite, an antigenically important region of the NTD. For both spike variants the remodeling of the NTD negatively affects binding of all tested NTD-specific antibodies in and outside of the NTD supersite. For one of the variants, we observed a P9L mediated shift of the signal peptide cleavage site resulting in the loss of a disulfide-bridge; a unique escape mechanism with high antigenic impact. Although the observed deletions and disulfide mutations are rare, similar modifications have become independently established in several other lineages, indicating a possibility to become more dominant in the future. The observed plasticity of the NTD foreshadows its broad potential for immune escape with the continued spread of SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T13:30:05Z","timestamp":1682947805000},"page":"e1011308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Convergence of immune escape strategies highlights plasticity of SARS-CoV-2 spike"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7520-0646","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaodi","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarek","family":"Juraszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Rutten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J. G.","family":"Bakkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Blokland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelle M.","family":"Melchers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels J. F.","family":"van den Broek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemiek Y. W.","family":"Verwilligen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pravien","family":"Abeywickrema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Vingerhoets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Neefs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shah A. Mohamed","family":"Bakhash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavitra","family":"Roychoudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Greninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujata","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8768-0982","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Johannes P. M.","family":"Langedijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1011308.ref001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Potential for developing a SARS-CoV receptor-binding domain (RBD) recombinant protein as a heterologous human vaccine against coronavirus infectious disease (COVID)-19","author":"WH Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"issue":"7821","key":"ppat.1011308.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2571-7","article-title":"Potent neutralizing antibodies against multiple epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 spike","volume":"584","author":"L Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6491","key":"ppat.1011308.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb7269","article-title":"A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV","volume":"368","author":"M Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ppat.1011308.ref004","article-title":"Potent neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients define multiple targets of vulnerability","author":"PJM Brouwer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"16","key":"ppat.1011308.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8801","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.16.8801-8811.2003","article-title":"The coronavirus spike protein is a class I virus fusion protein: structural and functional characterization of the fusion core complex","volume":"77","author":"BJ Bosch","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"6483","key":"ppat.1011308.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb2507","article-title":"Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation","volume":"367","author":"D Wrapp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7592","key":"ppat.1011308.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16988","article-title":"Cryo-electron microscopy structure of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein trimer","volume":"531","author":"AC Walls","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011308.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-110615-042301","article-title":"Structure, Function, and Evolution of Coronavirus Spike Proteins","volume":"3","author":"F Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Virol"},{"issue":"6566","key":"ppat.1011308.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abh2315","article-title":"Defining variant-resistant epitopes targeted by SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: A global consortium study","volume":"374","author":"KM Hastie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011308.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2022586118","article-title":"The effect of the D614G substitution on the structure of the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"118","author":"DJ Benton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"21","key":"ppat.1011308.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11727","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003138117","article-title":"Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"117","author":"J Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6604","key":"ppat.1011308.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabm3125","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm3125","article-title":"Pathogen-sugar interactions revealed by universal saturation transfer analysis","volume":"377","author":"CJ Buchanan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011308.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-021-00924-1","article-title":"Sialic acid-containing glycolipids mediate binding and viral entry of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"18","author":"L Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"issue":"18","key":"ppat.1011308.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202201432","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202201432","article-title":"The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Directly Binds Exogeneous Sialic Acids: A NMR View","volume":"61","author":"L Unione","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"issue":"6546","key":"ppat.1011308.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg5268","article-title":"Prevalent, protective, and convergent IgG recognition of SARS-CoV-2 non-RBD spike epitopes","volume":"372","author":"WN Voss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6504","key":"ppat.1011308.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc6952","article-title":"A neutralizing human antibody binds to the N-terminal domain of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"369","author":"X Chi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011308.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.03.029","article-title":"Neutralizing and protective human monoclonal antibodies recognizing the N-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein","volume":"184","author":"N Suryadevara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011308.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.03.028","article-title":"N-terminal domain antigenic mapping reveals a site of vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2","volume":"184","author":"M McCallum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011308.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.03.005","article-title":"Potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies directed against spike N-terminal domain target a single supersite","volume":"29","author":"G Cerutti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011308.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0247321","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02473-21","article-title":"A Combination of Receptor-Binding Domain and N-Terminal Domain Neutralizing Antibodies Limits the Generation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Neutralization-Escape Mutants","volume":"12","author":"D Haslwanter","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011308.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0358021","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03580-21","article-title":"Structure of a Vaccine-Induced, Germline-Encoded Human Antibody Defines a Neutralizing Epitope on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike N-Terminal Domain","volume":"13","author":"CG Altomare","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"15","key":"ppat.1011308.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.06.005","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces functionally diverse antibodies to NTD, RBD, and S2","volume":"184","author":"F Amanat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011308.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01092-1","article-title":"Differential neutralizing antibody responses elicited by CoronaVac and BNT162b2 against SARS-CoV-2 Lambda in Chile","volume":"7","author":"ML Acevedo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011308.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.03.036","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and P.1 escape from neutralizing antibodies","volume":"184","author":"M Hoffmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6575","key":"ppat.1011308.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abl8506","article-title":"Molecular basis of immune evasion by the Delta and Kappa SARS-CoV-2 variants","volume":"374","author":"M McCallum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ppat.1011308.ref026","first-page":"eabn7760","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: Antibody evasion and cryo-EM structure of spike protein-ACE2 complex","author":"D Mannar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6555","key":"ppat.1011308.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi7994","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 immune evasion by the B.1.427\/B.1.429 variant of concern","volume":"373","author":"M McCallum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011308.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29579-9","article-title":"Emergence and phenotypic characterization of the global SARS-CoV-2 C.1.2 lineage","volume":"13","author":"C Scheepers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ppat.1011308.ref029","article-title":"Final Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Single-Dose Ad26.COV2.S","author":"J Sadoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ppat.1011308.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-020-00243-x","article-title":"Ad26 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine encoding a prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spike immunogen induces potent humoral and cellular immune responses","volume":"5","author":"R Bos","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011308.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20321-x","article-title":"Stabilizing the closed SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer","volume":"12","author":"J Juraszek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6510","key":"ppat.1011308.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd0826","article-title":"Structure-based design of prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spikes","volume":"369","author":"CL Hsieh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7815","key":"ppat.1011308.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2349-y","article-title":"Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody","volume":"583","author":"D Pinto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7839","key":"ppat.1011308.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2852-1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody structures inform therapeutic strategies","volume":"588","author":"CO Barnes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6519","key":"ppat.1011308.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe3354","article-title":"Ultrapotent human antibodies protect against SARS-CoV-2 challenge via multiple mechanisms","volume":"370","author":"MA Tortorici","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"16","key":"ppat.1011308.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.06.021","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo functions of SARS-CoV-2 infection-enhancing and neutralizing antibodies","volume":"184","author":"D Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011308.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01294-w","article-title":"Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants to neutralization by monoclonal and serum-derived polyclonal antibodies","volume":"27","author":"RE Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011308.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s10930-019-09838-3","article-title":"A Brief History of Protein Sorting Prediction","volume":"38","author":"H Nielsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Protein J"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1011308.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0270717","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270717","article-title":"Spread of endemic SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Russia before April 2021","volume":"17","author":"GV Klink","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6555","key":"ppat.1011308.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi6226","article-title":"Effect of natural mutations of SARS-CoV-2 on spike structure, conformation, and antigenicity","volume":"373","author":"SM Gobeil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011308.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110218","article-title":"The SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant exhibits enhanced infectivity and immune resistance","volume":"38","author":"I Kimura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011308.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54322","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202154322","article-title":"Evolutionary remodelling of N-terminal domain loops fine-tunes SARS-CoV-2 spike","volume":"23","author":"D Cantoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"issue":"6534","key":"ppat.1011308.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf6950","article-title":"Recurrent deletions in the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein drive antibody escape","volume":"371","author":"KR McCarthy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011308.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-022-05385-y","article-title":"Emergence in southern France of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant harbouring both N501Y and E484K substitutions in the spike protein","volume":"167","author":"P Colson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011308.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02226-20","article-title":"Sensitive Recovery of Complete SARS-CoV-2 Genomes from Clinical Samples by Use of Swift Biosciences\u2019 SARS-CoV-2 Multiplex Amplicon Sequencing Panel","volume":"59","author":"A Addetia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011308.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2022.05.007","article-title":"Clinical Performance Characteristics of the Swift Normalase Amplicon Panel for Sensitive Recovery of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Genomes","volume":"24","author":"L Shrestha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011308.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.01.029","article-title":"Novel ACE2-Fc chimeric fusion provides long-lasting hypertension control and organ protection in mouse models of systemic renin angiotensin system activation","volume":"94","author":"P Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011308.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4193","article-title":"MotionCor2: anisotropic correction of beam-induced motion for improved cryo-electron microscopy","volume":"14","author":"SQ Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"ppat.1011308.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.42166","article-title":"New tools for automated high-resolution cryo-EM structure determination in RELION-3","volume":"7","author":"J Zivanov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011308.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2727","article-title":"Quantifying the local resolution of cryo-EM density maps","volume":"11","author":"A Kucukelbir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"W1","key":"ppat.1011308.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W296","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky427","article-title":"SWISS-MODEL: homology modelling of protein structures and complexes","volume":"46","author":"A Waterhouse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"ppat.1011308.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20084","article-title":"UCSF Chimera\u2014a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis","volume":"25","author":"EF Pettersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Comput Chem"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"ppat.1011308.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444910007493","article-title":"Features and development of Coot","volume":"66","author":"P Emsley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"ppat.1011308.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1107\/S2059798318006551","article-title":"Real-space refinement in PHENIX for cryo-EM and crystallography","volume":"74","author":"PV Afonine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"ppat.1011308.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444909042073","article-title":"MolProbity: all-atom structure validation for macromolecular crystallography","volume":"66","author":"VB Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011308.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3541","article-title":"EMRinger: side chain-directed model and map validation for 3D cryo-electron microscopy","volume":"12","author":"BA Barad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"ppat.1011308.ref057","article-title":"Ad26.COV2.S elicited neutralizing activity against Delta and other SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern","author":"M Jongeneelen","journal-title":"bioRxiv"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011308","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T13:50:27Z","timestamp":1683813027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011308"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Krammer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011308","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.03.31.486561","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]}}}