{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T06:31:33Z","timestamp":1792477893216,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011391","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000}}],"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease","award":["R01AI148336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI148336"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014576","name":"Office of the President, University of California","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VFR-19-633952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VFR-19-633952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014576","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DE-SC0014081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0014081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Coccidioidomycosis is a typically respiratory fungal disease that, in the United States, occurs primarily in Arizona and California. In California, most coccidioidomycosis cases occur in the San Joaquin Valley, a primarily agricultural region where the disease poses a risk for outdoor workers. We collected 710 soil samples and 265 settled dust samples from nine sites in the San Joaquin Valley and examined how\n                    <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    detection varied by month, site, and the presence and abundance of other fungal species. We detected\n                    <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    in 89 of 238 (37.4%) rodent burrow soil samples at five undeveloped sites and were unable to detect\n                    <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    in any of 472 surface and subsurface soil samples at four agricultural sites. In what is the largest sampling effort undertaken on agricultural land, our results provide no evidence that agricultural soils in the San Joaquin Valley harbor\n                    <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We found no clear association between\n                    <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the greater soil fungal community, but we identified 19 fungal indicator species that were significantly associated with\n                    <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    detection in burrows. We also did not find a seasonal pattern in\n                    <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    detection in the rodent burrow soils we sampled. These findings suggest both the presence of a spore bank and that coccidioidomycosis incidence may be more strongly associated with\n                    <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    dispersal than\n                    <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    growth. Finally, we were able to detect\n                    <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    in only five of our 265 near-surface settled dust samples, one from agricultural land, where\n                    <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    was undetected in soils, and four from undeveloped land, where\n                    <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    was common in the rodent burrow soils we sampled. Our ability to detect\n                    <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    in few settled dust samples indicates that improved methods are likely needed moving forward, though raises questions regarding aerial dispersal in\n                    <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    , whose key transmission event likely occurs over short distances in rodent burrows from soil to na\u00efve rodent lungs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T13:44:06Z","timestamp":1685022246000},"page":"e1011391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Coccidioides undetected in soils from agricultural land and uncorrelated with time or the greater soil fungal community on undeveloped land"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0809-7754","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliam","family":"Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer R.","family":"Head","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Remais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1011391.ref001","year":"2018","journal-title":"Centers for Disease control and prevention Valley fever (Coccidioidomycosis) Statistics"},{"key":"ppat.1011391.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1811.120752","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis-associated Deaths, United States, 1990\u20132008","volume":"18","author":"JY Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1011391.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1175\/WCAS-D-20-0036.1","article-title":"Economic valuation of coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) projections in the United States in response to climate change.","volume":"13","author":"ME Gorris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Weather, Climate, and Society."},{"key":"ppat.1011391.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.6.4-6.443","article-title":"Further observations on a pathogenic mould formerly described as a protozoon (Coccidioides immitis, Coccidioides pyogenes)","volume":"6","author":"W. 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