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Revson Senior Fellowships in Biomedical Science"},{"name":"NYU Langone Health Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program"},{"name":"NYU Cancer Center","award":["NIH\/NCI P30CA016087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH\/NCI P30CA016087"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["S10 OD019974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10 OD019974"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The bacterial microbiota promotes the life cycle of the intestine-dwelling whipworm <jats:italic>Trichuris<\/jats:italic> by mediating hatching of parasite eggs ingested by the mammalian host. Despite the enormous disease burden associated with <jats:italic>Trichuris<\/jats:italic> colonization, the mechanisms underlying this transkingdom interaction have been obscure. Here, we used a multiscale microscopy approach to define the structural events associated with bacteria-mediated hatching of eggs for the murine model parasite <jats:italic>Trichuris muris<\/jats:italic>. Through the combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and serial block face SEM (SBFSEM), we visualized the outer surface morphology of the shell and generated 3D structures of the egg and larva during the hatching process. These images revealed that exposure to hatching-inducing bacteria catalyzed asymmetric degradation of the polar plugs prior to exit by the larva. Unrelated bacteria induced similar loss of electron density and dissolution of the structural integrity of the plugs. Egg hatching was most efficient when high densities of bacteria were bound to the poles. Consistent with the ability of taxonomically distant bacteria to induce hatching, additional results suggest chitinase released from larva within the eggs degrade the plugs from the inside instead of enzymes produced by bacteria in the external environment. These findings define at ultrastructure resolution the evolutionary adaptation of a parasite for the microbe-rich environment of the mammalian gut.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T17:26:29Z","timestamp":1695403589000},"page":"e1011647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Bacterial contact induces polar plug disintegration to mediate whipworm egg hatching"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Amicha","family":"Robertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Sall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mericien","family":"Venzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet J.","family":"Olivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelle","family":"Antao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph C.","family":"Devlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaela","family":"Saes Thur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Bethony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Nejsum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Shopsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor J.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Xia","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5860-0661","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ken","family":"Cadwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1011647.ref001","unstructured":"Soil-transmitted helminth infections 2020 [updated 2nd March, 2020. 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