{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:41:32Z","timestamp":1788932492179,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01AI131338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01AI131338"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21\/R33AI116171, NHLBI, NIDDK, NIMH, NINDS, NIDA, NIAID, UM1AI164562, NIAID U42OD011023, and P51OD011132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21\/R33AI116171, NHLBI, NIDDK, NIMH, NINDS, NIDA, NIAID, UM1AI164562, NIAID U42OD011023, and P51OD011132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1173027 and 1149990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1173027 and 1149990"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1AI126611, P51OD011092 and AI144993"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI126611, P51OD011092 and AI144993"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health","award":["75N91019D00024 and HHSN261201500003I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N91019D00024 and HHSN261201500003I"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One approach to \u2018functional cure\u2019 of HIV infection is to induce durable control of HIV replication after the interruption of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the major factors that determine the viral \u2018setpoint\u2019 level after treatment interruption are not well understood. Here we combine data on ART interruption following SIV infection for 124 total animals from 10 independent studies across 3 institutional cohorts to understand the dynamics and predictors of post-treatment viral control. We find that the timing of treatment initiation is an important determinant of both the peak and early setpoint viral levels after treatment interruption. During the first 3 weeks of infection, every day of delay in treatment initiation is associated with a 0.22 log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> copies\/ml decrease in post-rebound peak and setpoint viral levels. However, delay in initiation of ART beyond 3 weeks of infection is associated with higher post-rebound setpoint viral levels. For animals treated beyond 3 weeks post-infection, viral load at ART initiation was the primary predictor of post-rebound setpoint viral levels. Potential alternative predictors of post-rebound setpoint viral loads including cell-associated DNA or RNA, time from treatment interruption to rebound, and pre-interruption CD8+ T cell responses were also examined in the studies where these data were available. This analysis suggests that optimal timing of treatment initiation may be an important determinant of post-treatment control of HIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T17:21:11Z","timestamp":1696612871000},"page":"e1011660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Timing of initiation of anti-retroviral therapy predicts post-treatment control of SIV replication"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mykola","family":"Pinkevych","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen S.","family":"Docken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afam A.","family":"Okoye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Fennessey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory Q.","family":"Del Prete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Pino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin L.","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Betts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Paiardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon F.","family":"Keele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4751-1831","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miles P.","family":"Davenport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1011660.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaan8848","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan8848","article-title":"A randomized controlled safety\/efficacy trial of therapeutic vaccination in HIV-infected individuals who initiated antiretroviral therapy early in infection.","volume":"9","author":"MC Sneller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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Viral remission in treated and untreated primary HIV infection","volume":"31","author":"GE Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ppat.1011660.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1086\/506616","article-title":"A Multicenter Observational Study of the Potential Benefits of Initiating Combination Antiretroviral Therapy during Acute HIV Infection","volume":"194","author":"FM Hecht","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ppat.1011660.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003211","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003211","article-title":"Post-treatment HIV-1 controllers with a long-term virological remission after the interruption of early initiated antiretroviral therapy ANRS VISCONTI Study.","volume":"9","author":"A S\u00e1ez-Ciri\u00f3n","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ppat.1011660.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000123","article-title":"Posttreatment controllers: what do they tell us?","volume":"10","author":"C Rouzioux","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. 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